Innocent Smoothies Customer Relationship

Guiltless Smoothies Customer Relationship In spite of the fact that the smoothies advertise in the UK appreciated a time of astoundingly solid development of over 150% somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2007, this has now been slowed down by the effect of the ongoing financial downturn and customers changing their devotion to elective, less expensive unadulterated organic product drinks. Just as experiencing horrible financial conditions, smoothie fabricates have neglected to persuade UK purchasers that the beverages are not loaded with calories and are not terrible for their teeth, regardless of solid opposing proof from the British Nutrition Foundation (2008). The aftereffect of the entirety of this is the smoothies advertise declined by some 36% somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2009 (Mintel Report Sales Brochure, 2010). The smoothie showcase is presently giving indications of a delicate recuperation and Mintel conjectures that improved monetary conditions, along with the expanded entrance of the childrens advertise, will see the smoothies division coming back to development soon (Mintel Report Sales Brochure, 2010). 1.2 Background to Innocent From its establishing vision of Europes most loved little squeeze organization, Innocent has now proceeded onward its objective to being the earths most loved little food organization by 2030. This new vision incorporates food and not simply drink and exhibits how Innocent is moving in corresponding with its clients want for an entire scope of new and common staples (Innocent Drinks Annual Report, 2007). The brand head in the smoothie showcase, Innocent, has to a great extent been answerable for fuelling the development in the market and in spite of the general market downturn, it despite everything orders a 80% piece of the overall industry. In any case, Innocents piece of the pie has been helped, by its own presentation, yet in addition by the choice taken by PepsiCo to evacuate its PJs smoothie brand in mid 2009 (Mintel, 2010). 2.0 The Principles and Practice of Customer Relationship Management This CRM way to deal with business centers around the maintenance of clients and the structure of associations with those clients. The idea of client maintenance, as a lower cost alternative than a consistent pattern of client obtaining and misfortune, is a control that associations have comprehended for a long time (Rosenberg and Czepiel, 1984). Be that as it may, a few scientists have proposed there is an absence of proof to help the quantifiable, monetary advantages of client maintenance (Dowling and Uncles, 1997). The thought of both holding clients and upgrading client connections, so as to make them increasingly solid and in this manner progressively beneficial, has likewise been upheld by scholastics for certain years (Berry, 1983). In any case, the possibility of consumer loyalty as a component of relationship improvement didn't pick up favor among scholars until the mid 1990s (Crosby et al., 1990; Perrien and Ricard, 1995). The term client relationship the executives (CRM) to portray a comprehensive client the board framework was not utilized until the mid-1990s in the data innovation industry and was later depicted by Ryals and Payne (p.3, 2001) as data empowered relationship promoting. The compatible idea of the terms client relationship the board and relationship showcasing is presently commonly acknowledged (Zablah et al, p. 116, 2003). The effective execution of CRM rehearses in the basic food item retail area has been very much prove on account of Tesco, which is the UKs driving general store chain. Its clubcard client dedication program was first propelled in 1995 and now has more than 7,000,000 individuals (Tesco site, 2010). The plan conveys a scope of advantages to clients who shop both at Tescos stores and at its online general store and it additionally gives important market insight on customers buying propensities, which feeds once again into Tescos showcasing arranging process (Tesco site, 2010). This empowers Tesco to convey exceptionally focused on and customized interchanges by means of direct promoting which serves to additionally improve the relationship with its client base. An analysis every now and again leveled at client steadfastness plans is that they are not demonstrated to encourage dedication nor do they convey gradual deals and benefits for an association (Dowling and Uncles, 1997). Tesco, n otwithstanding, has created plentiful proof that its dedication plot does for sure convey on these tallies (Humby et al, 2007). 3.0 Innocent beverages Customer Relationship Management Strategy Blameless has to a great extent received a customary way to deal with its showcasing depending vigorously on over the-line advancement to construct value in its image, which has been fruitful, as prove by its enormous piece of the pie. Guiltless has, notwithstanding, fiddled with relationship showcasing methods in the past so as to endeavor to build the dedication of its clients and urge them to draw in with the brand more. For a model, in August 2003, Innocent made Fruitstock, which was situated as a free celebration for decent individuals, the pleasant individuals for this situation being Innocents clients. The occasion included unrecorded music and food slows down (Sahlman, 2004, p.8). Guiltless spent about 33% of its yearly showcasing financial plan on the first Fruitstock and rehashed the occasion a year later when it pulled in more than 80,000 individuals (Sahlman, 2004, p.8) Remarking on the first Fruitstock, Richard Reed, Innocent fellow benefactor, stated, This occasion cost about  £200,000 to put on. Now, I cannot demonstrate that it was a wise speculation. From a hard numbers point of view, perhaps marry have been exceptional off employing new sales reps. However, we are doing things that are difficult to evaluate. From a hard numbers viewpoint, why sit around idly on marks? There are significant auxiliary advantages to things like Fruitstock: We had clients in the VIP territory having an extraordinary day with their families. Workers could accompany their loved ones. Its not just about promoting it assists with enrolling, PR, and different zones. (Sahlman, 2004, p.8) Fruitstock has since been relinquished with Innocents CRM methodology now focussed on its site and related pamphlet which is sent to more than 120,000 clients. Notwithstanding, Marketing Director at Innocent, Charlotte Rawlins, concedes Were maybe not as modern in database the executives as marry like to be butã‚â we do understand the estimation of direct contact and are going to make our bulletins increasingly customized (Turner, 2008). Honest people just organized current CRM procedure depends on its family, which is fundamentally a casual club for clients. The advantages of participation appear to be constrained to the qualification to get a month to month electronic pamphlet and the guarantee of solicitations to exceptional occasions (Innocent site, 2010). 4.0 The Marketing Audit A showcasing review is a formal and organized audit of an associations existing advertising exercises and market condition. The outline underneath shows the job of the promoting review in the general showcasing process. Destinations Showcasing Audit Investigation Criticism Arranging Usage Control Criticism Assessment 4.2 PESTEL Analysis A PESTEL investigation is sent to empower an association to look at the outer full scale condition that it works in, as follows (Gillespie, 2007). (P)olitical This alludes to government arrangement as far as the level of mediation there is, assuming any, in the commercial center. In 2004 the Food Standards Agency in the UK situated itself to handle the heftiness issue by expressing that there would have been an emphasis on persuading customers to search out more beneficial food choices. It likewise requested that the food and beverages industry bolstered it in this position (Food Standards Agency, 2004). The Agency did, notwithstanding, surrender that the business had just gained some ground in offering shoppers more advantageous choices yet encouraged retailers in the division to consider this to be a piece of their corporate social obligation and not similarly as an advertising system to acquire business. Government endeavors to advance more beneficial eating through an expanded admission of products of the soil with its 5-a-day crusade has made a mindfulness level of 74% among shoppers with 58% guaranteeing that they have made a move as an immediate outcome (Food Standards Agency, 2008). (E)conomic This incorporates such factors as financing costs, tax assessment changes, monetary status and development possibilities, expansion and trade rates. Loan costs keep on being at an untouched low with correspondingly lower contract installments for most mortgage holders. Nonetheless, joblessness, and the danger of joblessness, in both the private and open segments, has diminished customer certainty bringing about a decrease of spending on more expensive, alleged extravagance things. (S)ocial This spreads changes in social patterns that can affect on shopper request. The age profile of the UK populace is getting more seasoned. Right now 37.9% of the UK populace is matured at least 45. By 2031 this is conjecture to develop to 45.7% (Office for National Statistics, 2010). There is an unmistakable social move towards more beneficial eating in the UK. It is far-fetched that we will at any point put wellbeing before taste, yet marks that figure out how to consolidate incredible taste with reasonableness just as a positive wellbeing suggestion, are in a perfect situation to win full stamps from the consumer'(Quick, p. 3, 2008) (T)echnological This inspects how new advancements make new items and new procedures. The pervasive web and the fast forward walk of versatile electronic specialized gadgets will progressively impact the manner in which shoppers interface with, and purchase, marked items. (E)nvironmental Ecological variables incorporate the climate and environmental change and how these may affect on the commercial center. A worldwide temperature alteration and environmental change are affecting on the UK. With a for the most part hotter atmosphere in prospect for the future the soda pops advertise (counting smoothies) may remain to profit by natural conditions. (L)egal This covers the legitimate condition and system inside which the association and its rivals work. There are no present legitimate issues that may affect available. 4.4 Porters Five Forces Watchmen Fi

It Was the Strength of the Opposition Forces free essay sample

Numerous individuals of the world didn't consider the To be as a smart thought. They needed and were guaranteed the war to end In a harmony and standardize patriotism, yet the settlement didn't arrive at their desires (Document B). It wanted to forestall impacts that were clashing by utilizing very similar things for resistance. It needed to utilize power to demolish power, militarism to forestall militarism, and so on (Document A). Americans perceived that the goals anticipated and permitted by Wilson were sentenced to fizzle. Willows organization scrutinized the ethics remembered for the settlement. His Food Administrator, Hoover, composed Wilson a letter communicating his concerns.Hoover accepted general society would not represent the wrongs In the arrangement (Document D). Wilson didn't concur with Hoover in that of which on the off chance that the arrangement was endorsed, at that point it could be corrected to please the two sides. The open understood the results of Germanys disciplines. We will compose a custom exposition test on It Was the Strength of the Opposition Forces or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page John Keynes thought the victors reserved no privilege to punish Germanys residents and deny them of bliss (Document F). Americans were isolated in the methods of which things ought to have been completed. Addams concurred that a worldwide association was deed; and W. E. B. Burrow Bolls upheld the League of Nations considering It the most forward-looking occasion of the century.He additionally expressed that If Wilson was not stubborn as can be, the bargain would have been endorsed by the Senate (Document H). The Treaty of Versailles was expected to keep harmony, and if reality, did the inverse. It made turmoil in Eastern Europe and Germany, even without Congresss endorsement. Willows powerlessness to see this made him surrender to different pioneers. They were attempting to do just rebuff their adversaries with heartless remunerations have avoided remote issues (Document E). On the off chance that the U. S. Had approved the arrangement, they would have been Joining the League of Nations.Two majors bunches were in resistance of the settlement. Hostile were totally against the Joining, while Reservations needed a couple of changes, particularly against Article X. Cabin and the Reservations deferred the deciding in favor of the arrangement, provided that was introduced directly after the war, a general sentiment of pity would beat Congress and it would be endorsed right away. Hotels changes made Wilson requested the Democrats to cast a ballot totally against the arrangement with included reservations. His hardheadedness and armory emotions against Lodge, would not permit him to acknowledge changes made to his settlement. Likewise, Wilson just took one Republican with him to France from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the advisory group would have first state over any confirmation of the settlement. Because of his stroke from going around the nation introducing his plan to people in general, he was deadened and set in separation for the rest of his administration. The bargain was not endorsed and Congress passed Joint goals with the Central forces, finishing the war. The U. S. In no way, shape or form Joined the League of Nations, for which President Wilson gave his life for.

The managerment of breathlessness in patients with COPD Essay

The managerment of shortness of breath in patients with COPD - Essay Example The essence of treatment of COPD is the executives of shortness of breath which will be expounded in this task. COPD is characterized as a malady state described by the nearness of wind stream check because of ceaseless bronchitis or emphysema (Sharma, 2006). Clinically, constant bronchitis is characterized as the nearness of ceaseless hack with no other etiology and which is profitable for at any rate 3 months during every one of the two back to back years. Emphysema is harm of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, the harm being irreversible, irregular and related with annihilation of the air space dividers with no conspicuous fibrosis (Fromer and Cooper, 2008). The worldwide pervasiveness of COPD is about 7.5% of which 6.4% is because of interminable bronchitis and just 1.8% because of emphysema (Sharma, 2006). In grown-ups over 40 years old, the pervasiveness is evaluated to be around 9-10% (Sharma, 2006). Men are most usually influenced by this ailment. In any case, the rate in ladies is expanding because of expanded smoking (Sharma, 2006). COPD is related with certain mortality and dismalness. The death rates on the planet shift a considerable amount and can be anyplace between 100-400 passings for every 100,000 guys (Sharma, 2006). The most widely recognized reason for COPD is cigarette smoking (Silvermann and Speizer, 1996). This condition influences about 15% of cigarette smokers (NICE, 2004). Other hazard factors for the advancement of COPD are air contamination particularly because of strong cooking fills, nearness of aviation route hyperresponsiveness (Sharma, 2006). The trademark pathophysiological changes in COPD are found in the focal aviation routes, the fringe aviation routes and furthermore the lung parenchyma. Various components are embroiled in the pathophysiology of COPD (Thurlbeck, 1990). Essential guilty parties like oxidative worry because of free radicals from tobacco smoke and oxidants from phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes trigger the arrival of

HNA case study Essay

1. What added to HNA’s achievement in the China Airline Industry? 1. China’s prosperous economic situations Rising white collar class (rising per capita salary) Section into WTO ïÆ' development in imports and fares Movement of country populace into urban areas Deluge of remote venture 2. Deregulation of common avionics advertise 3. Key Decisions: Unusual methodology for a provincial beginning up carrier †decided to contend as a trunk line feeder Development of feeder courses in Western China †predictable with government intend to build up the â€Å"Silk Road† Effective acquisitions that helped them to grow quicker 4. Viable usage of capital markets (inward and outer) to extend operational scale and lower working costs 5. Culture Includes Chinese culture and Western present day the executives Sluggish Ant Theory and Swapping System 6. Quality Great flight security norms Timeliness rate is first in China 7. Clear Strategy: To be minimal effort supplier Concentrated on cost structure and working productivity Cost per ASK was low Lower upkeep cost Comparable model of planes Ran airplanes longer Interest in innovation Lower staffing cost per ASK 8. Begun outside CAAC †didn't need to hold fast to government standard. Constrained them to be progressively forceful 9. Solid Interrelation among the squares of organizations adds to expanding income for their carrier business 2. What are the difficulties that the organization faces at both the business and corporate levels? Specialty Unit Cost of Oil (aircraft) High financing costs (aircraft) Passage of spending lodging contenders (inn) Passage of upscale worldwide establishment (Hilton and so on) into inn industry (inn) Credit rating firm minimized the aircraft to second most reduced rating Corporate level High obligation level places the organization into trouble of raising assets to grow Relative ventures square †critical to keep up importance to its carrier business 3. Was the company’s expanding expansiveness an interruption to the carrier business or a course to upper hand? The expanding broadness may work in favor for HNA’s aircraft business as they try to redo itself into Grand China Airline. By expanding its broadness, it can assist with fortifying the new carrier brand name to different pieces of the world. Especially for the lodging industry, HNA can use them to advance the brand nearness of its aircraft business to voyagers. In any case, HNA should be cautious about the broadness of business it can reach out to. It ought to be kept inside the limits of the aircraft business with the end goal that whatever enterprises it is attempting to grow to, it ought to contribute legitimately to its carrier business (evident cooperative energy). For instance, the departmental store business doesn't make cooperative energy with the aircraft business.

There is an increasing pressure in contemporary society to create and maintain the perfect body. - Free Essay Example

Critically discuss this statement Throughout time there has been a fascination with constructing the perfect human form. In Ancient Greece, the perfect muscular body was associated with an individual being a hero, a warrior and an athlete and was symbolic of ones sense of arÃÆ' ªte or full potential (Chaline, 2015). Within the Renaissance period, as demonstrated by Da Vincis Vitruvian Man, emphasis centred on physical beauty and symmetry as signifiers as the embodiment of purity, virtue and morality. The rise of imperialism in Western Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries increased the importance of the fit and healthy body has as a reflection of a nations power and military preparedness. As Synnott (1993) elucidates therefore, the body has long been seen as the prime symbol of the self and how it is thought of is historically, socially, sensually, politically and ideologically constructed: [The body may be seen as]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a tomb of the soul, a temple, a machine, and the self and much more; it has also been treated accordingly. Bodies may be caressed or indeed killed, they may be loved or hated, and thought beautiful or ugly, scared or profane (p.7-8). In late or post modern society, there are multiple pressures for creating and maintaining a sense of physical perfectionism with contemporary cultures relentlessly promoting the body beautiful (Thomas, 2007). We are constantly presented with images of perfectly formed models, celebrities, athletes and film and television stars (e.g. Grogan, 2008; Orbach, 2010) and social media forums such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are saturated with visions of individuals finely tuned bodies and versions of themselves they wish to present. For men, current ideals of physical perfectionism are best understood as muscularity in moderation where muscle size and visibility as signs of health, independence and athleticism are paramount but within given parameters of normalcy. For example, the hyper-muscled body that competitive male bodybuilders develop is deemed freakish (Fussell, 1991; Klein, 1993; Monaghan, 2001). For women, the perfect body is more complex to distinguish and is further oppressed by patriarchal ideologies. Feminist scholars have addressed how womens perceptions of their bodies and what is deemed attractive or imperfect are often informed by the male gaze for the purposes of gaining pleasure (e.g. Shildrick, 2002; Garland- Thomson, 2009). Certain forms of embodiment such as being sl ender, toned, petite and sexy are idealised in contemporary Western culture, but how a woman manages her sense of being in a body is problematic. As Markula (2001: 237) highlights, women are presented with the task of managing a host of contradictory continuums which dictates the female body should be firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin. This negotiation is made more problematic as women have historically been more defined by their bodies, and as a result, objectified in a number of ways. For example, female athletes are often infantilised or sexualised based on their physical appearance regardless of their sporting accomplishments (Hargreaves, 1994). For both men and women therefore, the body is not only viewed as a sign of physical capability allowing us to perform our everyday roles and routines, but is increasingly associated with, and symbolic of, our attractiveness, successfulness and virility (Bauman, 1990). According to Bourdieu (1991), developing a body that relates well amongst contemporary ideologies of physical perfectionism imbues the owner with physical capital which in turn can be transferred into cultural and economic capital enhancing ones status and distinction in a given social field (i.e. sets of localised social relations): The production of physical capital refers to the development of bodies in ways which are recognised as possessing value in social fields, while the conversion of physical capital refers to the translation of bodily participation in work, leisure and other fields into different forms of capital. Physical capital is most usually converted into economic capital (money, goods and services), cultural capital (for example, education) and social capital (social networks which enable reciprocal calls to be made on the goods and services of its members) (p.127). As a result, inhabiting a typically gendered, young, muscular, athletic, virile and able body is valued and brings rewards in a society that values perf ectionism. For example, Monaghan (2002) explores how his muscled body assisted in him in gaining a position as a nightclub doorman which in turn opened up avenues of (hetero)sexual experience. These norms of perfectionism are now so engrained in Western society that the term body fascism has arisen in popular culture to express the oppressiveness inherent in the narrowing of norms about the ideal body (Hughes, 1999: 155). These strict bodily boundaries limit how the body may be imagined and experienced at the expense of alternative expressions of embodiment. According to Pronger (2002) the ubiquity of the fit, slender, muscular body creates a panoptic effect as individuals watch over themselves for any deviations from these norms. Non-normative or less valued bodies such as old, fat, disabled, short, tall bodies or bodies that transgress accepted norms (e.g. female bodybuilders who transgress traditional ideals of femininity) are therefore oppressed or excluded altogether. As Sparke s (1997: 88) iterates some constructions (of embodiment) come to be more equal than others, some come to be more legitimate than others, and some get to be promoted over others. Indeed, as Hughes (1999) points out some bodies, for example the disabled body, is placed as a binary opposite to fascist ideologies of body perfectionism and is used for the very construction of the perfect body. As pressure exists to live up to certain levels of perfectionism there is increasing awareness that the body itself is perfectible through various bodily regimens and modifications. This has resulted in the body being increasingly seen as an object of consumption creating further pressures for individuals to work on their bodies as part of a self-reflexive project (Giddens, 1991; Shilling, 1993; 2003). According to Shilling (2003), engaging in body projects allows people to make strong, public and personal statements about who and what they are within a multitude of social contexts: In the affl uent West, there is a tendency for the body to be seen as an entity which is in the process of becoming; a project which should be worked at and accomplished as part of an individuals self-identity. Body projects still vary along social lines, especially in the case of gender, but there has in recent years been a proliferation of the ways in which both women and men have developed their bodies. Recognising that the body has become a project for many modern persons entails accepting that its appearance, size, shape and even its contents, are potentially open to reconstruction in line with the designs of its owner (p.4; emphasis added). Modifying ones body in line with socially and culturally constructed norms therefore promises control and security and creates space for an individual to situate oneself in the world. As Shilling (2003) suggests, not only can individuals create their own identity through altering the appearance of the body amongst an array of choices but it is their r esponsibility to do so through engaging in modifications and everyday bodily maintenance as a demonstration of diligence and labour. People may therefore choose, and indeed feel pressured, to undertake bodily modifications such as committing to regimes of physical training, disciplining nutritional intake, undertaking plastic surgery and botox, having teeth whitened or piercing, tattooing and scarifying the skin at the bodys surface (e.g. Featherstone, 2000). These modifications are supplemented by daily routines of bodily maintenance such as washing and cleaning, adorning the body with clothing, brushing our teeth, applying makeup and moisturisers, having our haircut in particular ways and undertaking techniques that remove hair from certain body parts. Such pressures perhaps contribute to the continual obsession with gym culture in contemporary society. The gym offers a space where physical labour (which is constantly declining in an increasingly technological world) is reprodu ced promising the construction of a strong, powerful, functional, independent, desirable body and offering potential for the transformation of the self. As Fussell (1994) observes, the built body in contemporary, capitalist, visual, aesthetic society has more symbolic and cultural importance than it is has usefulness in the production of labour: The bodybuilder is a perversion of puritanism, and utilitarianism. He doesnt use his muscles to build bridges, but to raise eyebrows. They are at once functionless, yet highly functional (p.45). Gyms are thus important social spaces where individuals are encouraged to work their bodies like a project through which they can transform or maintain their body-self identities. As Fussell (1994: 57) continues of bodybuilders the muscular body, the picture of eternal adolescence, is their dominant dream, and the gym their nightly launching pad. In affluent Western society of course individuals are presented with an ever increasing choice of he alth and fitness regimes, diets, and bodily practices which they may engage in. However, it is important to critique the freedom to which individuals are really afforded in these practices. For Foucault (1981), there is less choice of what we do with our bodies than we are conscious of as we are placed under multiple cultural confines and constructs of perfectionism and normalcy. Engaging in a body project is therefore not exclusively an expression of individual agency, but is policed through the adherence, or docility as Foucault called it, to dominant cultural discourses. As Bourdieu (1990: 63) asserts, there is a causal relationship between the social and the corporeal, and so accordingly we must see society written into the body, into the biological individual and vice versa. The increasing pressures to conform to and commit to achieving the perfect body have been highlighted as contributory factors to compulsory and obsessive behavioural disorders such as anorexia nervosa, b ulimia and most recently the phenomena of bigorexia amongst men (Ahmad, Rotherham Talwar, 2015). Increased consciousness of the body and perceived inability to embody ideals of perfectionism has also been linked with self-dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression and negative wellbeing (Grogan, 2008). There is also increasing suggestion that people are taking more risks to achieve perfect bodies including taking supplements, steroids and dietary pharmaceuticals (Monaghan, 2001). Embarking on a body project as an attempt to transform the self into socially and culturally constructed visions of perfectionism therefore problematic. Furthermore, as Shilling (2003: 5) reminds us, bodies are doomed to fail as they inevitably age and decay, become sick and injured, and are not always malleable in the ways that we desire bodies are limited not only in the sense that they ultimately die, but in their frequent refusal to be moulded in accordance with our intentions. Offering some reflections, it is evident that within late or post modern society that is aggressively aestheticised (Featherstone, 1991) the vision of the perfect body takes centre stage. As a result, pressures exist for people to embody perfected physical forms. Although there are plenty of examples of people who reject these norms and take measures to differentiate or individualise themselves in alternative ways (e.g. through non-normative tattoos) in general there are demands for us to present and perform our bodies in particular ways. The perfect body is of course mythical. Participants in numerous studies in a variety of contexts have reported how they are never happy with their bodies no matter how much work they undertake on them (e.g. Monaghan, 1999). Bodily perfectionism should therefore be better conceptualised as a socially constructed ideology dependent on time, culture, space and an individuals biography and subjectivities and is ultimately impossible to achieve. Perhaps promoting this understan ding and how the perfect body does not exist in a fixed, essentialist, homogeneous way but rather is better seen as fluid, constructed and heterogeneous could offer a number of benefits and ways to ease the pressures that people experience with regards to anxiety with their bodies. For example, recognising the impossibilities and constructions of physical perfectionism may allow people real freedom to create unique self-reflexive body projects where multiple versions of perfectionism may be imagined. Promoting these variable body projects (Monaghan, 2001) promises more fulfilling body-self relationships, less risky bodily practices, opportunity for empowerment and increases in overall embodied wellbeing. References Ahmad, A., Rotherham, N. Talwar, D. (2015) Muscle dysmorphia: One in 10 men in gyms believed to have bigorexia. BBC Newsbeat. Online article (accessed 22nd October 2015): https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34307044/muscle-dysmorphia-one-in-10-men-in-gyms-believed-to-have-bigorexia Chaline, E. (2015) The Temple of Perfection: A History of the Gym. London: Reaktion Books. Bauman, Z. (1990) Thinking Sociologically. Oxford: Blackwell. Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Featherstone, M. (1991) Postmodernism and Consumer Culture. London: Sage. Featherstone, M. (2000) Body Modification: An Introduction. In: Featherstone, M. ed. Body Modification. London: Sage. Foucault, M. (1981) The History of Sexuality (Volume 1). Harmondsworth: Penguin. Fussell, S.W. (1991). Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder. Poseidon Press. Fussell, S. (1994) Bodybuilder Americanus. In: Goldstein, L. ed. The Male Body: Features, Destinies, Exposures. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, pp. 43-60. Garland-Thomson, R. (2009). Starring: How We Look. New York: Oxford University Press. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press. Grogan, S. (2008) Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children. Hove New York: Routledge. Hargreaves, J.A. (1994) Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Womens Sports. London: Routledge. Hughes, B. (1999) The constitution of impairment: modernity and the aesthetic of oppression. Disability and Society, 14 (2), pp. 155-172. Klein, A. (1993) Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. New York: SUNY Press. Markula, P. (2001). Firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin: the postmodern aerobicizing female bodies. In: A. Yiannakis M.J. Melnick (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Sociology of Sport. Champaign: IL: Human Kinet ics, pp. 237-258. Monaghan, L. (1999) Creating The Perfect Body: A Variable Project. Body Society 5 (2-3), pp. 267-90. Monaghan, L. (2001) Bodybuilding, Drugs and Risk. London: Routledge. Monaghan, L. (2002) Opportunity, Pleasure and Risk: An Ethnography of Urban Male Heterosexualities. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 31 (4):440-477. Orbach, S. (2010). Bodies. London: Profile Books Pronger, B. (2002) Body Fascism: Salvation in the Technology of Physical Fitness. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Shildrick, M. (2002) Embodying the Monster: Encounters with the Vulnerable Self. London: Sage. Shilling, C. (1993) The Body and Social Theory: 1st Ed. London: Sage. Shilling, C. (2003) The Body and Social Theory: 2nd Ed. London: Sage. Sparkes, A.C. (1997) Reflections on the socially constructed physical self. In: Fox, K. ed. The Physical Self: From Motivation to Wellbeing. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 83-110. Synott, A. (1992) Tomb, temple, machi ne, self: The social construction of the body. British Journal of Sociology, 43, 79-110. Thomas, C. (2007). Sociologies of Disability, Impairment, and Chronic Illness: Ideas in Disability Studies and Medical Sociology. London: Palgrave MacMillan.

How to Study for the SAT Subject Test in Physics

Figure 1: Astronomy, a very minor part of the SAT Subject Test in Physics (but my favorite regardless) So, you’ve decided to take the SAT Subject Test in Physics. You know you’re applying to a college that requires at least one science subject test, and you feel most comfortable with physics. Now what? Now it’s time to develop a plan for how to attack this test. Even though you might have done well in your physics class, the SAT in Physics will be very different than exams in your classes. Here are a few steps to guide your studying for the SAT Subject Test in Physics. 1. Get to know the test The SAT Physics test is a 1-hour long, 75 multiple-choice question exam typically given in May, June, August, October, November, and December. The test’s format as a multiple-choice exam is a great advantage to you: you know that one of the given answers has to be correct! No calculators nor physics formula sheets are allowed. This means that you will have to employ your mental math, basic arithmetic, and formula memorization skills. There are 5 answer choices for each question. For each answer you get right, you receive one point. For each incorrect answer, Â ¼ of a point is subtracted. If you skip a question, no points are subtracted nor given. This means that you should develop a strategy for when to skip and when to guess. You do not have to get every question right to get a perfect 800. In fact, because of the grading curve of the SAT Subject Test in Physics, you could leave about fifteen questions blank, and if you answered every other question right, you would receive an 800. The topics covered on the exam are (from most to least covered): Mechanics, Electricity and Magnetism, Waves and Optics, Heat and Thermodynamics, and Modern Physics. 2. Find your weaknesses and work on those Now that you know what to expect from the exam, the first thing to do is to take a diagnostic test and to analyze your result to find out your areas of strength and weakness. Once you take an exam, grade it, and try to find patterns about your answers. Write down the topic covered in each question and locate which questions you answered incorrectly or were unable to answer. Did you answer every mechanics question right while missing almost every electricity and magnetism question? Did you answer every question right about blocks but missed every question about pendulums? Once you know your areas of weakness, spend the majority of your time reviewing and improving your knowledge on these topics. You should occasionally do practice problems in subject areas you are already comfortable with, just so you don’t lose your knowledge and confidence, but you should aim to improve in areas where there is most room to improve. If you are having trouble identifying your areas of weakness, reach out to a tutor. Part of my job as a tutor is to analyze your diagnostic tests and develop a personalized plan to help you prepare. Now that you have a list of topics in hand, how should you prepare? 3. Use a variety of study strategies for the exam It might be tempting to read a physics textbook about a given topic and to say that you now know it. However, to truly get the information to stick in your head (like a truly inelastic collision between your brain and physics knowledge), you need to cover the same material in several different ways. For example, for the same topic, you might do a little bit of reading, watch a video lecture, and try ten practice problems. Each time you see the same material but presented differently, you remember more and more of it. One great resource that I have sworn by since I myself was in high school is Khan Academy. The video lectures in physics are exactly at the level of a typical high school physics course and are incredibly well-produced. Watching physics lectures narrated by the dulcet voice of Sal Khan is a great way to prepare. One way a tutor can help you is by building a plan and developing individualized lessons for the topics you should review. Tutors can help you identify which video lectures are most useful, provide you with practice problems, and make sure that you cover the material from all directions. 4. Take practice tests! This is perhaps the most commonly given piece of studying advice for standardized tests, but for good reason! Every few weeks in your studying, sit down for the full hour and take a practice test. This will help you do two things. First, it will allow you to gauge whether you’re studying methods have been effective. If you are getting more questions right, great! You’re doing it right. Second, it will help you build stamina for the real exam. Staying utterly focused at the intensity required for the SAT Subject Tests is no small feat. By practicing staying concentrated for the full hour only on the exam, you simulate real test conditions. On test day, you will know what it feels like and will be confident that you can complete the exam and do well. After all, you’ll have done it before. At Cambridge Coaching believe that a tailored program is a basic prerequisite for any effective tutoring relationship, particularly for high school students navigating Physics SAT subject test. We build each tutoring relationship around each unique student. Before you even meet with a tutor, you will take an official exam and input your results into our software; based on your diagnostic results, your tutor will outline the content, structure and pacing of your first session. Are you interested in preparing for the SAT Subject Test in Physics? ; Learn more about Physics SAT subject test preparation below! When should I take my SAT subject tests? Mastering the SAT Subject Tests, Easier Than You Think! – Physics Physics Tutor: 3 Tricks for Physics Standardized Tests

Is Memory And History Be An Ethical Stance On Events

According to Aleida Assman, â€Å"While memory is indispensable, as a view from the inside, to evaluating the events of the past and to creating an ethical stance, history is needed, as a view from the outside, to scrutinize and verify the remembered events.† Assman presents memory and history as necessities. Moreover, she argues that memory and history act as checks on each other, maintaining a balanced perspective through their coexistence. Here, memory signifies something remembered from the past by an individual or group, considered an â€Å"inside† and inherently personal perspective. This insider element allows memory to make value judgments and create an ethical stance on events. By contrast, history denotes a record of events, meant to provide holistic facts and exclude ethical judgments. Typically, this record is viewed as factual and objective, as shown by Assman’s assertion that history scrutinizes (inspecting and examining) and verifies (ascertaining the accuracy) events from the â€Å"outside,† implying an unbiased perspective not belonging to any particular â€Å"inside† group or individual. However, history is, like personal memory, curated. This is often done by an official body, such as the state, or a group, as in the creation of history books. In Tadeusz SÅ‚obodzianek’s Our Class and Sergei Dovlatov’s The Suitcase, the tension between official history and personal memory grows out of multiple factors, including form and style; a move to the authenticity of experience over theShow MoreRelatedHistorical Events From The Lives Of Others Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesSÅ‚obodzianek draws on historical events from the lives of others, while Dovaltov draws upon his own life; both authors move beyond facts to detailed narratives. 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