Innocent Smoothies Customer Relationship

Guiltless Smoothies Customer Relationship In spite of the fact that the smoothies advertise in the UK appreciated a time of astoundingly solid development of over 150% somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2007, this has now been slowed down by the effect of the ongoing financial downturn and customers changing their devotion to elective, less expensive unadulterated organic product drinks. Just as experiencing horrible financial conditions, smoothie fabricates have neglected to persuade UK purchasers that the beverages are not loaded with calories and are not terrible for their teeth, regardless of solid opposing proof from the British Nutrition Foundation (2008). The aftereffect of the entirety of this is the smoothies advertise declined by some 36% somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2009 (Mintel Report Sales Brochure, 2010). The smoothie showcase is presently giving indications of a delicate recuperation and Mintel conjectures that improved monetary conditions, along with the expanded entrance of the childrens advertise, will see the smoothies division coming back to development soon (Mintel Report Sales Brochure, 2010). 1.2 Background to Innocent From its establishing vision of Europes most loved little squeeze organization, Innocent has now proceeded onward its objective to being the earths most loved little food organization by 2030. This new vision incorporates food and not simply drink and exhibits how Innocent is moving in corresponding with its clients want for an entire scope of new and common staples (Innocent Drinks Annual Report, 2007). The brand head in the smoothie showcase, Innocent, has to a great extent been answerable for fuelling the development in the market and in spite of the general market downturn, it despite everything orders a 80% piece of the overall industry. In any case, Innocents piece of the pie has been helped, by its own presentation, yet in addition by the choice taken by PepsiCo to evacuate its PJs smoothie brand in mid 2009 (Mintel, 2010). 2.0 The Principles and Practice of Customer Relationship Management This CRM way to deal with business centers around the maintenance of clients and the structure of associations with those clients. The idea of client maintenance, as a lower cost alternative than a consistent pattern of client obtaining and misfortune, is a control that associations have comprehended for a long time (Rosenberg and Czepiel, 1984). Be that as it may, a few scientists have proposed there is an absence of proof to help the quantifiable, monetary advantages of client maintenance (Dowling and Uncles, 1997). The thought of both holding clients and upgrading client connections, so as to make them increasingly solid and in this manner progressively beneficial, has likewise been upheld by scholastics for certain years (Berry, 1983). In any case, the possibility of consumer loyalty as a component of relationship improvement didn't pick up favor among scholars until the mid 1990s (Crosby et al., 1990; Perrien and Ricard, 1995). The term client relationship the executives (CRM) to portray a comprehensive client the board framework was not utilized until the mid-1990s in the data innovation industry and was later depicted by Ryals and Payne (p.3, 2001) as data empowered relationship promoting. The compatible idea of the terms client relationship the board and relationship showcasing is presently commonly acknowledged (Zablah et al, p. 116, 2003). The effective execution of CRM rehearses in the basic food item retail area has been very much prove on account of Tesco, which is the UKs driving general store chain. Its clubcard client dedication program was first propelled in 1995 and now has more than 7,000,000 individuals (Tesco site, 2010). The plan conveys a scope of advantages to clients who shop both at Tescos stores and at its online general store and it additionally gives important market insight on customers buying propensities, which feeds once again into Tescos showcasing arranging process (Tesco site, 2010). This empowers Tesco to convey exceptionally focused on and customized interchanges by means of direct promoting which serves to additionally improve the relationship with its client base. An analysis every now and again leveled at client steadfastness plans is that they are not demonstrated to encourage dedication nor do they convey gradual deals and benefits for an association (Dowling and Uncles, 1997). Tesco, n otwithstanding, has created plentiful proof that its dedication plot does for sure convey on these tallies (Humby et al, 2007). 3.0 Innocent beverages Customer Relationship Management Strategy Blameless has to a great extent received a customary way to deal with its showcasing depending vigorously on over the-line advancement to construct value in its image, which has been fruitful, as prove by its enormous piece of the pie. Guiltless has, notwithstanding, fiddled with relationship showcasing methods in the past so as to endeavor to build the dedication of its clients and urge them to draw in with the brand more. For a model, in August 2003, Innocent made Fruitstock, which was situated as a free celebration for decent individuals, the pleasant individuals for this situation being Innocents clients. The occasion included unrecorded music and food slows down (Sahlman, 2004, p.8). Guiltless spent about 33% of its yearly showcasing financial plan on the first Fruitstock and rehashed the occasion a year later when it pulled in more than 80,000 individuals (Sahlman, 2004, p.8) Remarking on the first Fruitstock, Richard Reed, Innocent fellow benefactor, stated, This occasion cost about  £200,000 to put on. Now, I cannot demonstrate that it was a wise speculation. From a hard numbers point of view, perhaps marry have been exceptional off employing new sales reps. However, we are doing things that are difficult to evaluate. From a hard numbers viewpoint, why sit around idly on marks? There are significant auxiliary advantages to things like Fruitstock: We had clients in the VIP territory having an extraordinary day with their families. Workers could accompany their loved ones. Its not just about promoting it assists with enrolling, PR, and different zones. (Sahlman, 2004, p.8) Fruitstock has since been relinquished with Innocents CRM methodology now focussed on its site and related pamphlet which is sent to more than 120,000 clients. Notwithstanding, Marketing Director at Innocent, Charlotte Rawlins, concedes Were maybe not as modern in database the executives as marry like to be butã‚â we do understand the estimation of direct contact and are going to make our bulletins increasingly customized (Turner, 2008). Honest people just organized current CRM procedure depends on its family, which is fundamentally a casual club for clients. The advantages of participation appear to be constrained to the qualification to get a month to month electronic pamphlet and the guarantee of solicitations to exceptional occasions (Innocent site, 2010). 4.0 The Marketing Audit A showcasing review is a formal and organized audit of an associations existing advertising exercises and market condition. The outline underneath shows the job of the promoting review in the general showcasing process. Destinations Showcasing Audit Investigation Criticism Arranging Usage Control Criticism Assessment 4.2 PESTEL Analysis A PESTEL investigation is sent to empower an association to look at the outer full scale condition that it works in, as follows (Gillespie, 2007). (P)olitical This alludes to government arrangement as far as the level of mediation there is, assuming any, in the commercial center. In 2004 the Food Standards Agency in the UK situated itself to handle the heftiness issue by expressing that there would have been an emphasis on persuading customers to search out more beneficial food choices. It likewise requested that the food and beverages industry bolstered it in this position (Food Standards Agency, 2004). The Agency did, notwithstanding, surrender that the business had just gained some ground in offering shoppers more advantageous choices yet encouraged retailers in the division to consider this to be a piece of their corporate social obligation and not similarly as an advertising system to acquire business. Government endeavors to advance more beneficial eating through an expanded admission of products of the soil with its 5-a-day crusade has made a mindfulness level of 74% among shoppers with 58% guaranteeing that they have made a move as an immediate outcome (Food Standards Agency, 2008). (E)conomic This incorporates such factors as financing costs, tax assessment changes, monetary status and development possibilities, expansion and trade rates. Loan costs keep on being at an untouched low with correspondingly lower contract installments for most mortgage holders. Nonetheless, joblessness, and the danger of joblessness, in both the private and open segments, has diminished customer certainty bringing about a decrease of spending on more expensive, alleged extravagance things. (S)ocial This spreads changes in social patterns that can affect on shopper request. The age profile of the UK populace is getting more seasoned. Right now 37.9% of the UK populace is matured at least 45. By 2031 this is conjecture to develop to 45.7% (Office for National Statistics, 2010). There is an unmistakable social move towards more beneficial eating in the UK. It is far-fetched that we will at any point put wellbeing before taste, yet marks that figure out how to consolidate incredible taste with reasonableness just as a positive wellbeing suggestion, are in a perfect situation to win full stamps from the consumer'(Quick, p. 3, 2008) (T)echnological This inspects how new advancements make new items and new procedures. The pervasive web and the fast forward walk of versatile electronic specialized gadgets will progressively impact the manner in which shoppers interface with, and purchase, marked items. (E)nvironmental Ecological variables incorporate the climate and environmental change and how these may affect on the commercial center. A worldwide temperature alteration and environmental change are affecting on the UK. With a for the most part hotter atmosphere in prospect for the future the soda pops advertise (counting smoothies) may remain to profit by natural conditions. (L)egal This covers the legitimate condition and system inside which the association and its rivals work. There are no present legitimate issues that may affect available. 4.4 Porters Five Forces Watchmen Fi

It Was the Strength of the Opposition Forces free essay sample

Numerous individuals of the world didn't consider the To be as a smart thought. They needed and were guaranteed the war to end In a harmony and standardize patriotism, yet the settlement didn't arrive at their desires (Document B). It wanted to forestall impacts that were clashing by utilizing very similar things for resistance. It needed to utilize power to demolish power, militarism to forestall militarism, and so on (Document A). Americans perceived that the goals anticipated and permitted by Wilson were sentenced to fizzle. Willows organization scrutinized the ethics remembered for the settlement. His Food Administrator, Hoover, composed Wilson a letter communicating his concerns.Hoover accepted general society would not represent the wrongs In the arrangement (Document D). Wilson didn't concur with Hoover in that of which on the off chance that the arrangement was endorsed, at that point it could be corrected to please the two sides. The open understood the results of Germanys disciplines. We will compose a custom exposition test on It Was the Strength of the Opposition Forces or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page John Keynes thought the victors reserved no privilege to punish Germanys residents and deny them of bliss (Document F). Americans were isolated in the methods of which things ought to have been completed. Addams concurred that a worldwide association was deed; and W. E. B. Burrow Bolls upheld the League of Nations considering It the most forward-looking occasion of the century.He additionally expressed that If Wilson was not stubborn as can be, the bargain would have been endorsed by the Senate (Document H). The Treaty of Versailles was expected to keep harmony, and if reality, did the inverse. It made turmoil in Eastern Europe and Germany, even without Congresss endorsement. Willows powerlessness to see this made him surrender to different pioneers. They were attempting to do just rebuff their adversaries with heartless remunerations have avoided remote issues (Document E). On the off chance that the U. S. Had approved the arrangement, they would have been Joining the League of Nations.Two majors bunches were in resistance of the settlement. Hostile were totally against the Joining, while Reservations needed a couple of changes, particularly against Article X. Cabin and the Reservations deferred the deciding in favor of the arrangement, provided that was introduced directly after the war, a general sentiment of pity would beat Congress and it would be endorsed right away. Hotels changes made Wilson requested the Democrats to cast a ballot totally against the arrangement with included reservations. His hardheadedness and armory emotions against Lodge, would not permit him to acknowledge changes made to his settlement. Likewise, Wilson just took one Republican with him to France from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the advisory group would have first state over any confirmation of the settlement. Because of his stroke from going around the nation introducing his plan to people in general, he was deadened and set in separation for the rest of his administration. The bargain was not endorsed and Congress passed Joint goals with the Central forces, finishing the war. The U. S. In no way, shape or form Joined the League of Nations, for which President Wilson gave his life for.

The managerment of breathlessness in patients with COPD Essay

The managerment of shortness of breath in patients with COPD - Essay Example The essence of treatment of COPD is the executives of shortness of breath which will be expounded in this task. COPD is characterized as a malady state described by the nearness of wind stream check because of ceaseless bronchitis or emphysema (Sharma, 2006). Clinically, constant bronchitis is characterized as the nearness of ceaseless hack with no other etiology and which is profitable for at any rate 3 months during every one of the two back to back years. Emphysema is harm of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, the harm being irreversible, irregular and related with annihilation of the air space dividers with no conspicuous fibrosis (Fromer and Cooper, 2008). The worldwide pervasiveness of COPD is about 7.5% of which 6.4% is because of interminable bronchitis and just 1.8% because of emphysema (Sharma, 2006). In grown-ups over 40 years old, the pervasiveness is evaluated to be around 9-10% (Sharma, 2006). Men are most usually influenced by this ailment. In any case, the rate in ladies is expanding because of expanded smoking (Sharma, 2006). COPD is related with certain mortality and dismalness. The death rates on the planet shift a considerable amount and can be anyplace between 100-400 passings for every 100,000 guys (Sharma, 2006). The most widely recognized reason for COPD is cigarette smoking (Silvermann and Speizer, 1996). This condition influences about 15% of cigarette smokers (NICE, 2004). Other hazard factors for the advancement of COPD are air contamination particularly because of strong cooking fills, nearness of aviation route hyperresponsiveness (Sharma, 2006). The trademark pathophysiological changes in COPD are found in the focal aviation routes, the fringe aviation routes and furthermore the lung parenchyma. Various components are embroiled in the pathophysiology of COPD (Thurlbeck, 1990). Essential guilty parties like oxidative worry because of free radicals from tobacco smoke and oxidants from phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes trigger the arrival of

HNA case study Essay

1. What added to HNA’s achievement in the China Airline Industry? 1. China’s prosperous economic situations Rising white collar class (rising per capita salary) Section into WTO ïÆ' development in imports and fares Movement of country populace into urban areas Deluge of remote venture 2. Deregulation of common avionics advertise 3. Key Decisions: Unusual methodology for a provincial beginning up carrier †decided to contend as a trunk line feeder Development of feeder courses in Western China †predictable with government intend to build up the â€Å"Silk Road† Effective acquisitions that helped them to grow quicker 4. Viable usage of capital markets (inward and outer) to extend operational scale and lower working costs 5. Culture Includes Chinese culture and Western present day the executives Sluggish Ant Theory and Swapping System 6. Quality Great flight security norms Timeliness rate is first in China 7. Clear Strategy: To be minimal effort supplier Concentrated on cost structure and working productivity Cost per ASK was low Lower upkeep cost Comparable model of planes Ran airplanes longer Interest in innovation Lower staffing cost per ASK 8. Begun outside CAAC †didn't need to hold fast to government standard. Constrained them to be progressively forceful 9. Solid Interrelation among the squares of organizations adds to expanding income for their carrier business 2. What are the difficulties that the organization faces at both the business and corporate levels? Specialty Unit Cost of Oil (aircraft) High financing costs (aircraft) Passage of spending lodging contenders (inn) Passage of upscale worldwide establishment (Hilton and so on) into inn industry (inn) Credit rating firm minimized the aircraft to second most reduced rating Corporate level High obligation level places the organization into trouble of raising assets to grow Relative ventures square †critical to keep up importance to its carrier business 3. Was the company’s expanding expansiveness an interruption to the carrier business or a course to upper hand? The expanding broadness may work in favor for HNA’s aircraft business as they try to redo itself into Grand China Airline. By expanding its broadness, it can assist with fortifying the new carrier brand name to different pieces of the world. Especially for the lodging industry, HNA can use them to advance the brand nearness of its aircraft business to voyagers. In any case, HNA should be cautious about the broadness of business it can reach out to. It ought to be kept inside the limits of the aircraft business with the end goal that whatever enterprises it is attempting to grow to, it ought to contribute legitimately to its carrier business (evident cooperative energy). For instance, the departmental store business doesn't make cooperative energy with the aircraft business.

There is an increasing pressure in contemporary society to create and maintain the perfect body. - Free Essay Example

Critically discuss this statement Throughout time there has been a fascination with constructing the perfect human form. In Ancient Greece, the perfect muscular body was associated with an individual being a hero, a warrior and an athlete and was symbolic of ones sense of arÃÆ' ªte or full potential (Chaline, 2015). Within the Renaissance period, as demonstrated by Da Vincis Vitruvian Man, emphasis centred on physical beauty and symmetry as signifiers as the embodiment of purity, virtue and morality. The rise of imperialism in Western Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries increased the importance of the fit and healthy body has as a reflection of a nations power and military preparedness. As Synnott (1993) elucidates therefore, the body has long been seen as the prime symbol of the self and how it is thought of is historically, socially, sensually, politically and ideologically constructed: [The body may be seen as]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a tomb of the soul, a temple, a machine, and the self and much more; it has also been treated accordingly. Bodies may be caressed or indeed killed, they may be loved or hated, and thought beautiful or ugly, scared or profane (p.7-8). In late or post modern society, there are multiple pressures for creating and maintaining a sense of physical perfectionism with contemporary cultures relentlessly promoting the body beautiful (Thomas, 2007). We are constantly presented with images of perfectly formed models, celebrities, athletes and film and television stars (e.g. Grogan, 2008; Orbach, 2010) and social media forums such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are saturated with visions of individuals finely tuned bodies and versions of themselves they wish to present. For men, current ideals of physical perfectionism are best understood as muscularity in moderation where muscle size and visibility as signs of health, independence and athleticism are paramount but within given parameters of normalcy. For example, the hyper-muscled body that competitive male bodybuilders develop is deemed freakish (Fussell, 1991; Klein, 1993; Monaghan, 2001). For women, the perfect body is more complex to distinguish and is further oppressed by patriarchal ideologies. Feminist scholars have addressed how womens perceptions of their bodies and what is deemed attractive or imperfect are often informed by the male gaze for the purposes of gaining pleasure (e.g. Shildrick, 2002; Garland- Thomson, 2009). Certain forms of embodiment such as being sl ender, toned, petite and sexy are idealised in contemporary Western culture, but how a woman manages her sense of being in a body is problematic. As Markula (2001: 237) highlights, women are presented with the task of managing a host of contradictory continuums which dictates the female body should be firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin. This negotiation is made more problematic as women have historically been more defined by their bodies, and as a result, objectified in a number of ways. For example, female athletes are often infantilised or sexualised based on their physical appearance regardless of their sporting accomplishments (Hargreaves, 1994). For both men and women therefore, the body is not only viewed as a sign of physical capability allowing us to perform our everyday roles and routines, but is increasingly associated with, and symbolic of, our attractiveness, successfulness and virility (Bauman, 1990). According to Bourdieu (1991), developing a body that relates well amongst contemporary ideologies of physical perfectionism imbues the owner with physical capital which in turn can be transferred into cultural and economic capital enhancing ones status and distinction in a given social field (i.e. sets of localised social relations): The production of physical capital refers to the development of bodies in ways which are recognised as possessing value in social fields, while the conversion of physical capital refers to the translation of bodily participation in work, leisure and other fields into different forms of capital. Physical capital is most usually converted into economic capital (money, goods and services), cultural capital (for example, education) and social capital (social networks which enable reciprocal calls to be made on the goods and services of its members) (p.127). As a result, inhabiting a typically gendered, young, muscular, athletic, virile and able body is valued and brings rewards in a society that values perf ectionism. For example, Monaghan (2002) explores how his muscled body assisted in him in gaining a position as a nightclub doorman which in turn opened up avenues of (hetero)sexual experience. These norms of perfectionism are now so engrained in Western society that the term body fascism has arisen in popular culture to express the oppressiveness inherent in the narrowing of norms about the ideal body (Hughes, 1999: 155). These strict bodily boundaries limit how the body may be imagined and experienced at the expense of alternative expressions of embodiment. According to Pronger (2002) the ubiquity of the fit, slender, muscular body creates a panoptic effect as individuals watch over themselves for any deviations from these norms. Non-normative or less valued bodies such as old, fat, disabled, short, tall bodies or bodies that transgress accepted norms (e.g. female bodybuilders who transgress traditional ideals of femininity) are therefore oppressed or excluded altogether. As Sparke s (1997: 88) iterates some constructions (of embodiment) come to be more equal than others, some come to be more legitimate than others, and some get to be promoted over others. Indeed, as Hughes (1999) points out some bodies, for example the disabled body, is placed as a binary opposite to fascist ideologies of body perfectionism and is used for the very construction of the perfect body. As pressure exists to live up to certain levels of perfectionism there is increasing awareness that the body itself is perfectible through various bodily regimens and modifications. This has resulted in the body being increasingly seen as an object of consumption creating further pressures for individuals to work on their bodies as part of a self-reflexive project (Giddens, 1991; Shilling, 1993; 2003). According to Shilling (2003), engaging in body projects allows people to make strong, public and personal statements about who and what they are within a multitude of social contexts: In the affl uent West, there is a tendency for the body to be seen as an entity which is in the process of becoming; a project which should be worked at and accomplished as part of an individuals self-identity. Body projects still vary along social lines, especially in the case of gender, but there has in recent years been a proliferation of the ways in which both women and men have developed their bodies. Recognising that the body has become a project for many modern persons entails accepting that its appearance, size, shape and even its contents, are potentially open to reconstruction in line with the designs of its owner (p.4; emphasis added). Modifying ones body in line with socially and culturally constructed norms therefore promises control and security and creates space for an individual to situate oneself in the world. As Shilling (2003) suggests, not only can individuals create their own identity through altering the appearance of the body amongst an array of choices but it is their r esponsibility to do so through engaging in modifications and everyday bodily maintenance as a demonstration of diligence and labour. People may therefore choose, and indeed feel pressured, to undertake bodily modifications such as committing to regimes of physical training, disciplining nutritional intake, undertaking plastic surgery and botox, having teeth whitened or piercing, tattooing and scarifying the skin at the bodys surface (e.g. Featherstone, 2000). These modifications are supplemented by daily routines of bodily maintenance such as washing and cleaning, adorning the body with clothing, brushing our teeth, applying makeup and moisturisers, having our haircut in particular ways and undertaking techniques that remove hair from certain body parts. Such pressures perhaps contribute to the continual obsession with gym culture in contemporary society. The gym offers a space where physical labour (which is constantly declining in an increasingly technological world) is reprodu ced promising the construction of a strong, powerful, functional, independent, desirable body and offering potential for the transformation of the self. As Fussell (1994) observes, the built body in contemporary, capitalist, visual, aesthetic society has more symbolic and cultural importance than it is has usefulness in the production of labour: The bodybuilder is a perversion of puritanism, and utilitarianism. He doesnt use his muscles to build bridges, but to raise eyebrows. They are at once functionless, yet highly functional (p.45). Gyms are thus important social spaces where individuals are encouraged to work their bodies like a project through which they can transform or maintain their body-self identities. As Fussell (1994: 57) continues of bodybuilders the muscular body, the picture of eternal adolescence, is their dominant dream, and the gym their nightly launching pad. In affluent Western society of course individuals are presented with an ever increasing choice of he alth and fitness regimes, diets, and bodily practices which they may engage in. However, it is important to critique the freedom to which individuals are really afforded in these practices. For Foucault (1981), there is less choice of what we do with our bodies than we are conscious of as we are placed under multiple cultural confines and constructs of perfectionism and normalcy. Engaging in a body project is therefore not exclusively an expression of individual agency, but is policed through the adherence, or docility as Foucault called it, to dominant cultural discourses. As Bourdieu (1990: 63) asserts, there is a causal relationship between the social and the corporeal, and so accordingly we must see society written into the body, into the biological individual and vice versa. The increasing pressures to conform to and commit to achieving the perfect body have been highlighted as contributory factors to compulsory and obsessive behavioural disorders such as anorexia nervosa, b ulimia and most recently the phenomena of bigorexia amongst men (Ahmad, Rotherham Talwar, 2015). Increased consciousness of the body and perceived inability to embody ideals of perfectionism has also been linked with self-dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression and negative wellbeing (Grogan, 2008). There is also increasing suggestion that people are taking more risks to achieve perfect bodies including taking supplements, steroids and dietary pharmaceuticals (Monaghan, 2001). Embarking on a body project as an attempt to transform the self into socially and culturally constructed visions of perfectionism therefore problematic. Furthermore, as Shilling (2003: 5) reminds us, bodies are doomed to fail as they inevitably age and decay, become sick and injured, and are not always malleable in the ways that we desire bodies are limited not only in the sense that they ultimately die, but in their frequent refusal to be moulded in accordance with our intentions. Offering some reflections, it is evident that within late or post modern society that is aggressively aestheticised (Featherstone, 1991) the vision of the perfect body takes centre stage. As a result, pressures exist for people to embody perfected physical forms. Although there are plenty of examples of people who reject these norms and take measures to differentiate or individualise themselves in alternative ways (e.g. through non-normative tattoos) in general there are demands for us to present and perform our bodies in particular ways. The perfect body is of course mythical. Participants in numerous studies in a variety of contexts have reported how they are never happy with their bodies no matter how much work they undertake on them (e.g. Monaghan, 1999). Bodily perfectionism should therefore be better conceptualised as a socially constructed ideology dependent on time, culture, space and an individuals biography and subjectivities and is ultimately impossible to achieve. Perhaps promoting this understan ding and how the perfect body does not exist in a fixed, essentialist, homogeneous way but rather is better seen as fluid, constructed and heterogeneous could offer a number of benefits and ways to ease the pressures that people experience with regards to anxiety with their bodies. For example, recognising the impossibilities and constructions of physical perfectionism may allow people real freedom to create unique self-reflexive body projects where multiple versions of perfectionism may be imagined. Promoting these variable body projects (Monaghan, 2001) promises more fulfilling body-self relationships, less risky bodily practices, opportunity for empowerment and increases in overall embodied wellbeing. References Ahmad, A., Rotherham, N. Talwar, D. (2015) Muscle dysmorphia: One in 10 men in gyms believed to have bigorexia. BBC Newsbeat. Online article (accessed 22nd October 2015): https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34307044/muscle-dysmorphia-one-in-10-men-in-gyms-believed-to-have-bigorexia Chaline, E. (2015) The Temple of Perfection: A History of the Gym. London: Reaktion Books. Bauman, Z. (1990) Thinking Sociologically. Oxford: Blackwell. Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Featherstone, M. (1991) Postmodernism and Consumer Culture. London: Sage. Featherstone, M. (2000) Body Modification: An Introduction. In: Featherstone, M. ed. Body Modification. London: Sage. Foucault, M. (1981) The History of Sexuality (Volume 1). Harmondsworth: Penguin. Fussell, S.W. (1991). Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder. Poseidon Press. Fussell, S. (1994) Bodybuilder Americanus. In: Goldstein, L. ed. The Male Body: Features, Destinies, Exposures. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, pp. 43-60. Garland-Thomson, R. (2009). Starring: How We Look. New York: Oxford University Press. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press. Grogan, S. (2008) Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children. Hove New York: Routledge. Hargreaves, J.A. (1994) Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Womens Sports. London: Routledge. Hughes, B. (1999) The constitution of impairment: modernity and the aesthetic of oppression. Disability and Society, 14 (2), pp. 155-172. Klein, A. (1993) Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. New York: SUNY Press. Markula, P. (2001). Firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin: the postmodern aerobicizing female bodies. In: A. Yiannakis M.J. Melnick (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Sociology of Sport. Champaign: IL: Human Kinet ics, pp. 237-258. Monaghan, L. (1999) Creating The Perfect Body: A Variable Project. Body Society 5 (2-3), pp. 267-90. Monaghan, L. (2001) Bodybuilding, Drugs and Risk. London: Routledge. Monaghan, L. (2002) Opportunity, Pleasure and Risk: An Ethnography of Urban Male Heterosexualities. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 31 (4):440-477. Orbach, S. (2010). Bodies. London: Profile Books Pronger, B. (2002) Body Fascism: Salvation in the Technology of Physical Fitness. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Shildrick, M. (2002) Embodying the Monster: Encounters with the Vulnerable Self. London: Sage. Shilling, C. (1993) The Body and Social Theory: 1st Ed. London: Sage. Shilling, C. (2003) The Body and Social Theory: 2nd Ed. London: Sage. Sparkes, A.C. (1997) Reflections on the socially constructed physical self. In: Fox, K. ed. The Physical Self: From Motivation to Wellbeing. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 83-110. Synott, A. (1992) Tomb, temple, machi ne, self: The social construction of the body. British Journal of Sociology, 43, 79-110. Thomas, C. (2007). Sociologies of Disability, Impairment, and Chronic Illness: Ideas in Disability Studies and Medical Sociology. London: Palgrave MacMillan.

How to Study for the SAT Subject Test in Physics

Figure 1: Astronomy, a very minor part of the SAT Subject Test in Physics (but my favorite regardless) So, you’ve decided to take the SAT Subject Test in Physics. You know you’re applying to a college that requires at least one science subject test, and you feel most comfortable with physics. Now what? Now it’s time to develop a plan for how to attack this test. Even though you might have done well in your physics class, the SAT in Physics will be very different than exams in your classes. Here are a few steps to guide your studying for the SAT Subject Test in Physics. 1. Get to know the test The SAT Physics test is a 1-hour long, 75 multiple-choice question exam typically given in May, June, August, October, November, and December. The test’s format as a multiple-choice exam is a great advantage to you: you know that one of the given answers has to be correct! No calculators nor physics formula sheets are allowed. This means that you will have to employ your mental math, basic arithmetic, and formula memorization skills. There are 5 answer choices for each question. For each answer you get right, you receive one point. For each incorrect answer, Â ¼ of a point is subtracted. If you skip a question, no points are subtracted nor given. This means that you should develop a strategy for when to skip and when to guess. You do not have to get every question right to get a perfect 800. In fact, because of the grading curve of the SAT Subject Test in Physics, you could leave about fifteen questions blank, and if you answered every other question right, you would receive an 800. The topics covered on the exam are (from most to least covered): Mechanics, Electricity and Magnetism, Waves and Optics, Heat and Thermodynamics, and Modern Physics. 2. Find your weaknesses and work on those Now that you know what to expect from the exam, the first thing to do is to take a diagnostic test and to analyze your result to find out your areas of strength and weakness. Once you take an exam, grade it, and try to find patterns about your answers. Write down the topic covered in each question and locate which questions you answered incorrectly or were unable to answer. Did you answer every mechanics question right while missing almost every electricity and magnetism question? Did you answer every question right about blocks but missed every question about pendulums? Once you know your areas of weakness, spend the majority of your time reviewing and improving your knowledge on these topics. You should occasionally do practice problems in subject areas you are already comfortable with, just so you don’t lose your knowledge and confidence, but you should aim to improve in areas where there is most room to improve. If you are having trouble identifying your areas of weakness, reach out to a tutor. Part of my job as a tutor is to analyze your diagnostic tests and develop a personalized plan to help you prepare. Now that you have a list of topics in hand, how should you prepare? 3. Use a variety of study strategies for the exam It might be tempting to read a physics textbook about a given topic and to say that you now know it. However, to truly get the information to stick in your head (like a truly inelastic collision between your brain and physics knowledge), you need to cover the same material in several different ways. For example, for the same topic, you might do a little bit of reading, watch a video lecture, and try ten practice problems. Each time you see the same material but presented differently, you remember more and more of it. One great resource that I have sworn by since I myself was in high school is Khan Academy. The video lectures in physics are exactly at the level of a typical high school physics course and are incredibly well-produced. Watching physics lectures narrated by the dulcet voice of Sal Khan is a great way to prepare. One way a tutor can help you is by building a plan and developing individualized lessons for the topics you should review. Tutors can help you identify which video lectures are most useful, provide you with practice problems, and make sure that you cover the material from all directions. 4. Take practice tests! This is perhaps the most commonly given piece of studying advice for standardized tests, but for good reason! Every few weeks in your studying, sit down for the full hour and take a practice test. This will help you do two things. First, it will allow you to gauge whether you’re studying methods have been effective. If you are getting more questions right, great! You’re doing it right. Second, it will help you build stamina for the real exam. Staying utterly focused at the intensity required for the SAT Subject Tests is no small feat. By practicing staying concentrated for the full hour only on the exam, you simulate real test conditions. On test day, you will know what it feels like and will be confident that you can complete the exam and do well. After all, you’ll have done it before. At Cambridge Coaching believe that a tailored program is a basic prerequisite for any effective tutoring relationship, particularly for high school students navigating Physics SAT subject test. We build each tutoring relationship around each unique student. Before you even meet with a tutor, you will take an official exam and input your results into our software; based on your diagnostic results, your tutor will outline the content, structure and pacing of your first session. Are you interested in preparing for the SAT Subject Test in Physics? ; Learn more about Physics SAT subject test preparation below! When should I take my SAT subject tests? Mastering the SAT Subject Tests, Easier Than You Think! – Physics Physics Tutor: 3 Tricks for Physics Standardized Tests

Is Memory And History Be An Ethical Stance On Events

According to Aleida Assman, â€Å"While memory is indispensable, as a view from the inside, to evaluating the events of the past and to creating an ethical stance, history is needed, as a view from the outside, to scrutinize and verify the remembered events.† Assman presents memory and history as necessities. Moreover, she argues that memory and history act as checks on each other, maintaining a balanced perspective through their coexistence. Here, memory signifies something remembered from the past by an individual or group, considered an â€Å"inside† and inherently personal perspective. This insider element allows memory to make value judgments and create an ethical stance on events. By contrast, history denotes a record of events, meant to provide holistic facts and exclude ethical judgments. Typically, this record is viewed as factual and objective, as shown by Assman’s assertion that history scrutinizes (inspecting and examining) and verifies (ascertaining the accuracy) events from the â€Å"outside,† implying an unbiased perspective not belonging to any particular â€Å"inside† group or individual. However, history is, like personal memory, curated. This is often done by an official body, such as the state, or a group, as in the creation of history books. In Tadeusz SÅ‚obodzianek’s Our Class and Sergei Dovlatov’s The Suitcase, the tension between official history and personal memory grows out of multiple factors, including form and style; a move to the authenticity of experience over theShow MoreRelatedHistorical Events From The Lives Of Others Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesSÅ‚obodzianek draws on historical events from the lives of others, while Dovaltov draws upon his own life; both authors move beyond facts to detailed narratives. Henri Bergson provides a framework of analysis for this conjoining of historical facts and fictional details in his two categories of memory involved in the writing of documentary proseL mechanical memory (remembering facts/frameworks) and spontaneous memory (details beyond the catalogue of the mechanical memory). Our Class and The SuitcaseRead MoreThe Philosophical Underpinnings Of Trauma Informed Care1529 Words   |  7 PagesWhile there is agreement that trauma informed care generally refers to a philosophical stance integrating awareness and understanding of trauma and its ongoing impact on patients’ health and lives, there is not yet consensus on a definition or clarity on how the model can be applied in a variety of settings. The philosophical underpinnings of trauma informed care trace to the feminist movements of the 1970s (Burgess Holstrom, 1974), and the emergence of child-advocacy centers and awareness andRead MoreWhy Abortion Should Be Illegal Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the worst mistakes in American history occurred in the year 1973. According to Opposing Viewpoints, â€Å"An abortion is a medical or surgical pr ocedure that ends a pregnancy† and it was made legal in 1973 (â€Å"Abortion†, 2014, para. 1). I grew up always wanting a large family. Some of the best memories of my childhood were ones made during family reunions with my cousins. When I found out that there are people in the world that willingly murder their children before they are even born, I knew thatRead MoreWhat is Knowledge?1098 Words   |  4 Pages There’s always a new theory, experiment, or work that can prove a new stance. With the progression of time, knowledge can sometimes be discarded. But what is knowledge? And what kind of factors can impact it which leads to it being discarded? Knowledge is information centered by a concept that conveys a message and can be acquired through learning or memory. Many different factors can have an effect on whether someone accepts information as knowledge or knowledgeable. The biggest impacts are biasesRead MoreThe Between Western Languages And Western Cultures 2477 Words   |  10 PagesLiterature, and particularly drama, is an important medium in which cultures express their own concepts of time, through the use of different narrative forms, such as myths, history, realistic or naturalistic novels. As Ricoeur maintains, it is evident that no culture can refer back to its own conception of time without having resort to the vital narrative activity which, linguistically, is expressed in an immense variety of stories , i.e. of narrative discourse (18). That is, oral traditionsRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1506 Words   |  7 Pages The complexities of a human s readiness to submit to someone else s will have fascinated humankind since the development of societal gatherings. Just in late history there has been many investigations directed which so totally catch the layman s creative energy as the submission tests led by Stanley Milgram. As one of only a handful couple of mental analyses to have such a consideration g etting criticalness, Milgram found a concealed quality of the human mind that appeared to demonstrate a shroudedRead MoreEthics Photojournalism2661 Words   |  11 Pages/photo journalism. Ethical blunders by such journalistic icons as National Geographic and TIME have all contributed to visual journalism losing credibility with the public. It was only a hundred years ago that people believed what saw in photographs was true. On the other hand present day, the increasing response to an unusual photograph is They did that with PhotoShop. Where does this leave a medium whose mission is to deliver a realistic eyewitness account of the public and events all over the worldRead MoreEssay on Book Summary of the Bible Among the Myths2904 Words   |  12 Pagesargues that even though biblical narratives might not conform exactly to modern history writing, they are still the closest thing that is on record that can give an account to what took place in the ancient world. He basically sum marizes the entire literary work by stating, â€Å"I am arguing that the Bible will not allow us to disassociate its historical claims from its theological claims, and that our investigations of the history should not assume that they can be disassociated.†2 Basically, Oswalt feelsRead MoreWhat Factors Would a Therapist Take Into Account When Planning Treatment for a Psychologically Abused Client2959 Words   |  12 Pagesaddressing this issue I will try to give a definition of what I understand or perceive psychological abuse to be and then highlight as many ideas and ethical considerations as my word count will allow. As abuse can be something that has the potential to affect an individual throughout their lives, I feel it is a subject that demands consideration, safe and ethical practice and a great deal of self awareness on behalf of the therapist in order to avoid actions that could prove counterproductive, invasiveRead MoreCnps 365 Midterm 1 Notes Essay3947 Words   |  16 Pagesfree-association techniques, material derived from projective techniques, symbolic content of psychotic symptoms all represent unconscious. †¢ Unconscious stores experiences memory and repressed material †¢ Aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to make unconscious motives conscious. †¢ Anxiety – feeling of dread from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences †¢ Anxeity develops from conflicts amongst id,ego, and super ego. †¢ Anxeity warns of impending danger †¢ 3 Types of anxiety, reality, neurotic

Gender Roles Of Women Face Discrimination Essay - 1414 Words

In today’s society, many women face discrimination because of their gender both at home and at work. They are paid less than men, steered out of male dominated jobs, and tasked with the entirety of the second shift sometimes. To see how these societal biases affected a woman close to me, I interviewed my mother, Donna Lam. Donna Lam is a 53-year-old white middle class women living outside of a small city on a cow farm. She works as both a business owner and an auditor for the commissioner of accounts. She has a bachelor’s degree in business, and two twenty-year-old daughters who are both juniors in college. My mom has been in the work force for over 37 years, married for 14 years to her first husband so far 11 years to her second. My mom started working for the mortgage company that she currently owns in 1989, she became owner in 2004. She describes the path to becoming owner rather difficult, since she had to prove to the previous owner and her colleagues that she wa s dedicated to this job and had the knowledge to handle it. To do this, she had to embody several androcentric traits. Androcentric traits are traits that are commonly associated with men, its embodying masculine traits such as being aggressive, assertive, and angry. The androcentric traits that my mom displays are aggression in achieving goals and asserting herself. I asked her if trying to appear more aggressive and competent helped her get to where she was today and she said that she wasn’t afraid toShow MoreRelatedGender Should Not Be A Problem1737 Words   |  7 PagesGender Should Not be a Problem. It’s not a new problem. Women have been discriminated against for decades. This has and always will lead to a rift in the equality of women. It’s an unfair battle for equality, sure women have an amendmendment stating that all women have the right to vote , but it’s still not enough. That amendmendment only fixes half the problem. There’s still the problem of gender roles, the wage gap, and countless other problems stopping women from have the equality women haveRead MoreGender Should Not Be A Problem1737 Words   |  7 PagesGender Should Not be a Problem. It’s not a new problem. Women have been discriminated against for decades. This has and always will lead to a rift in the equality of women. It’s an unfair battle for equality, sure women have an amendmendment stating that all women have the right to vote , but it’s still not enough. That amendmendment only fixes half the problem. There’s still the problem of gender roles, the wage gap, and countless other problems stopping women from have the equality women haveRead MoreGender Equality And Women s Rights1274 Words   |  6 Pages Women in the world still face discrimination and gender equality takes action to achieve women’s rights. AAUW provides and gives women the chance to have an education, while Catalyst reaches out to women to carry out equal pay, equal participation in the workplace, and remove discrimination. UN Women attains to human rights for women. Throughout history women have fought for gender equality in the workplace and in education, and every year organizations like AAUW, Catalyst, and UN Women haveRead MoreGend er Discrimination : The Glass Ceiling Affect Gender Groups, Stereotyping, And Discrimination1623 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Women workers in the prime working ages of 26 to 59 make only 38 percent of what prime-age men earn,(Marley S. Weiss, 2007, page 64). Discrimination against gender is very common in the workplace. The purpose of this explanatory research is to discuss the discrimination women face in society and the workforce as well as the challenges faced by marital status. The sociological theories on the macro level that will be used to analyze this subject include; the conflict perspective theoryRead MoreWomen in the Workplace1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthere has been a drastic increase in the number of women entering and participating in the labor force (Hepburn Simon, 2006). Since early history and the ancient civilization of man, women have played a secondary role, in which women were and still are viewed as less adequate than a man. A women’s traditional role in society is that of raising children, fulfilling duties around the house, and being the primary nurturer of the family. Many women in today’s society want and desire careers and a placeRead MoreSocial Construction Of Race And Gender1529 Words   |  7 Pagesof Race and Gender, Patriarchy and Prejudice and Discrimination in the Society Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual or an idea which is constructed as a result of the culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of race and gender and the problemsRead MoreGender Issues For Women s Mothers At Work1510 Words   |  7 PagesGender related issues for women inparticula mothers at work. Gender inequality Inequalities have been prevalent since the beginning of civilization. Up until the women’s movement, did we see a shift in feminism whereby women would gain certain rights. Within this movement, the role of the women fell short to discrimination and gender inequalities. The argument stands forth and is true that there are gender inequalities prevailing in all aspects of society. Thus, the concept of gender is notRead MoreMy Understanding Of Education Level Peace Building Efforts Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction Listening to four women peacemakers, rather peacebuilders, from different countries, cultures and contexts has broadened and, at the same time, challenged my understanding of gender dynamics in conflict context. This reflection essay aims to discuss how these presentations deepened and complicated my understanding of gender. It will mainly focus on Kurshid’s presentations of violent extremism in Pakistan. However, I will also use part of Fatma’s presentation on Western Sahara forRead MoreGender Discrimination : Women s Rights Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pageswhich gave women the right to vote, the Title IX civil rights act which gave women an equal opportunity as men for education, and even now in 2016 there is Hillary Clinton who has and equal opportunity as her opposing male candidate, Trump in this year’s election (Women’s Rights Timeline 2). These are all examples of what America has achieved throughout the years in terms of women’s rights but ev en now with many laws in place to protect women’s rights, there is still gender discrimination that continuesRead MoreGender Discrimination in Hotels877 Words   |  4 PagesGender discrimination If we were asked to think of the hostile environment for women in the workplace, many of us, initially, would envision blatant employment discrimination, more-so sexual harassment. Despite living in the new age, where such behavior is denounced and illegal, these associations are in no way surprising. Mis-organizational conduct is far too familiar ground to us all. In fact, statistics from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission show that â€Å"there has been no systematic

Roosevelt and The New Deal Essay - 1552 Words

The Roosevelt Era Franklin D. Roosevelt became the thirty-second president of the U.S. in 1933. He was one of the most skillful political leaders and it showed as he led the people out of the Great Depression. The U.S. was in a state of depression when Roosevelt took office, but through his New Deal program, the federal government became much more involved socially and economically in peoples lives in contrast to its traditionally passive role. The governments responsibilities in peoples lives changed and individuals responsibilities changed too. The role of the government in peoples lives expanded greatly during the New Deal era. When Roosevelt took office, his main goal was to provide relief for the country. He†¦show more content†¦It was evident that the governments responsibilities were expanding and becoming part of peoples lives. Soon after taking office, Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was a single program, but there were numerous sub-programs under the act. It was designed to satisfy the conflicting pressure groups and 3.3 billion dollars were used for it. Roosevelt set up the National Recovery Administration (NRA) in hope of stabilizing the economy by reducing unemployment, paying decent wages to workers so they could purchase products, limiting overproduction so prices would rise to a profitable level, and eliminating cutthroat competition. This law also contained a provision that guaranteed labor the right to collective bargaining. There were a lot of goals to be reached and it would difficult to accomplish them, but Roosevelt felt it was necessary for the recovery of society. Guidelines for codes of the above goals were to be arrived at jointly by representatives of management, labor, and the public. The NIRA took off and was very popular. By the time t he code making phase ended about seven to eight months later, 557 basic codes and 200 supplementary ones had been approved by the NRA. But, it became obvious that the codes were not being jointly agreed upon, but the management group was mainly writing them. So the NRA experiment was declaredShow MoreRelatedPresident Roosevelt And The New Deal1356 Words   |  6 Pageswithout the development of the New Deal? The New Deal played an important role in the government and the American economy of the 1930’s. Do we still the effects today? Several major changes birthed out of the New Deal and it was these changes President Roosevelt and his term are credited for. The New Deal established programs to ignite the economy and protect the people of the United States, and it also changed the way Congress and the President balanced power. The New Deal was created under the authorityRead MoreThe New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt879 Words   |  4 Pages The term, The New Deal, comes from Franklin Roosevelt’s 1932 democratic presidential nomination acceptance speech, Roosevelt says, I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.(Referring to the great depression) Roosevelt explains the New Deal as a use of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of our country. The New Deal program was born in a Brain Trust meeting prior to Roosevelt’s inauguration. (Anonymous)Read MoreEleanor Roosevelt And The New Deal2452 Words   |  10 Pageswhen Franklin D. Roosevelt began his presidency. While in office, Franklin D. Roosevelt created a package of social programs known as the New Deal. The New Deal was developed to help raise the spirits of Americans, find a solution for unemployment, and assist those that were in need. Throughout Roosevelt’s presidency, his wife Eleanor Roosevelt played the role of being both his eyes and ears. This paper will focus on Eleanor Roosevelt and the role that she played with the New Deal during the GreatRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The New Deal881 Words   |  4 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt had no clue on politics until his campaign for presidency in 1932. He won the election by landslide that â€Å"captured a thundering 58 percent of the popular vote† (Davidson 688). His inaugural speech, â€Å"I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people† (Library of Congress, 1), made America to believe in him so there could be a change in the United States. The start of the new deal was when Roosevelt proposed a record of 15 bills to congress within the firstRead MorePresident Roosevelt and the New Deal1454 Words   |  6 PagesIn the coming of a new President in 1932, America was at its lowest point throughout its existence. The economy crashed and left the United States in a state of major depression, the Great Depression. FDR was elected for his ideas of change through the new deal, and the thought of hope had given to Americans. Roosevelt knew that a change was needed and was willing to go to tremendous measures to try to bring back the American economy, give jobs, and to keep democracy going on strong. In doing soRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The New Deal2088 Words   |  9 Pagesmost interest in was The New Deal. From my knowledge the underlying issue was the Great Depression. Franklin Roosevelt won the presidency election in 1932 due to his idea of The New Deal. The New Deal was his solution to help the awful crisis happening in America. Franklin Roosevelt and the government were in search of a variety of means to restore the economy and the hope of the American people. I will discuss the events that lead to the New Deal and the legacy of The New Deal along with some of itsRead MoreRoosevelt s The New Deal2138 Words   |  9 PagesElection of 1932, Roosevelt was elected president. (With the help of his wife throughout all three terms if I might add.) This was following the times of The Great Depression, so he had a big task on his hands. He proposed the New Deal, which brought along plenty of job opportunities for citizens who had lost their jobs during The Great Depression. The New Deal had seemed to promise something to everybody, so Roosevelt’s popularity inevitably improved as the economy improved. â€Å"The New Deal created theRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal1289 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most powerful and influential democratic presidents that the United States has ever put into office. Though he was diagnosed with polio and had to be confined to a wheelchair, for many years Roosevelt tried to regain the ability to walk by swimming . He still managed to lead this country out of the worst economic depression the country had seen in its young life. Many Americans were out of work with the depression going on and banks were closed because peo pleRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The New Deal Program1055 Words   |  5 Pagesfear itself, stated by one of America s greatest presidents, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. January 30, 1882, Franklin Roosevelt was born and would later on become one of America s most loved presidents. Roosevelt became the 32nd president of the United States in 1933 and was elected president four times(Biography). He is the only president who will ever be elected four times to office. Throughout his presidency, Roosevelt carried out many outstanding programs to help rebuild America through the DepressionRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The New Deal1116 Words   |  5 PagesHyde Park, New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. He became the 32nd US president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of program s and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt died in Georgia in 1945. President Roosevelt’s parents made a living both on real estate and trade. Roosevelt was schooled

Pros And Cons Of Social Media Essay - 1598 Words

Draft of English Argument/Research Essay Serin Kim Period 4 A prevalent issue regarding social media and interactions exists between researchers and social network users. Social media is currently changing how relationships between people are created. Relationships can exist through people across the world through social media and can produce more emotional bonds with friends that you can see everyday. On the other hand, social media also could present conflicts due to the fact that some of these relationships can become unhealthy and that people could change to be more dependent on internet friends, becoming introverted. Social media benefits interactions because it can strengthen bonds between friends and help you become more†¦show more content†¦These drawbacks include too many people being reliant to talking online rather than in person and not verbally communicating with friends even though they are in the same room. Jasmine Fowlkes shows the reality in how social media is affecting our new generation through her article, â€Å"Viewpoint: Why Social Media is Destroying our Social Skills.† After discussing the results conducted by several researchers, Fowlkes states,â€Å"As more generations are born into the social age, social media will continue to be the favored communication form among young people. However, this shift may begin to affect their ability to properly communicate in person with peers.† Many start to rely on applications on our devices to talk to people, but this results in less verbal communication. In addition, Kelly-Fay’s Talktrack research study s howed that conversations held in person are much more impactful than on social media. Rather than making social media a huge part of your life, Fowlkes wishes that people would look up from their phones and engage more with others since that could change their lives. The effect of social media on interactions has always been a controversial topic between users and researchers. In a society where technology is taking over the world, it is important to question if there is a way for the government to limit social media use and where the problem lies, in the users or the creators. It is important to think about the effects that will take place onShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Social Media Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pages Social Media- Are We Using It The Wrong Way? 76% of American adults online use social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest. How many of those people are using Social media in a positive manner? Social media has advanced since the first social media sites. So many people use social media, but do we use it for the wrong thing? Social media is now mainly used to be negative by people cyberbullying, hacking, and feeling less confident, but we need to startRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Social Media875 Words   |  4 PagesThe more social media we have, the more we think were connecting, yet we’re really disconnecting from each other. Communication is a crucial part of the human life when it comes to interacting and progressing our society. Ever since the beginning of as much as we can remember, we’ve communicated in many forms such as body language, sign language and written language. Nowadays, we’ve taken socializing to a whole new level. We’ve constructed a form of typed language with the given name, social networkingRead MoreEssay On Pros And Cons Of Social Media1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of Social Media in Todays Society Just like everything else in life, social media has pros and cons. However, the pros outweigh the cons. Social networking assists businesses in various different ways. While also helping people communicate more with others and to become more connected with them too. A fast and effortless way to spread and receive crucial information is through social media. In the beginning, it was just kids spending their time on websites like Facebook, MyspaceRead MorePros And Cons Of Social Media Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesWorld of Social Media Today’s world technology has grown to its peak and has given developers the opportunity to develop social media outlets which have been used around the world. For example, social media giant Facebook has a total of 2.07 billion daily users. These numbers are based on real figures while world population stands at 7.6 billion which means over 27% of the world are active Facebook users. Instagram is another social media outlet which lets you share your pictures with the worldRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Social Media Essay2626 Words   |  11 Pageslate.   However, in light of new technological advances in social media, a new â€Å"hang out† spot has become increasingly popular right from the security of one’s computer room.   Instead of being yelled at for dirtying their acid-washed jeans outside, today’s youth are yelled at right from the kitchen for spending too many hours hanging out with their â€Å"friends† on social networking sites like  Facebook  and  Twitter.  Ã‚  Researchers agree that social networking on popular websites like  Facebook  can have beneficialRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Social Media2236 Words   |  9 PagesAs a teenager associated with the â€Å"technological revolution†, it has only been fate to be consumed by the constant social media that surrounds our society. With a phone always in hand, and a new app ready to be downloaded, the people of the current generation are being mind-blocked by the tweets and posts of their numerous friends. As I walk down the hallway of my high school, I see the tops of my classmates heads. Resembling a kangaroo, they are hunched over, arms bent with an iPhone glued to theirRead MorePros and cons of English being the international lingua franca781 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Pros and cons of English being the international lingua franca English speakers in the world including those who are in the inner circle, outer circle and expanding circle had reached to 380 millions of people since 2001. The finding shows how influential English Language is. Gradually, English become the international lingua franca, â€Å"utilized outside of the country or countries of its origin.†( Subject Area - English Language Essays) The Lingua Franca There are both pros and cons of EnglishRead MoreSocial Media1160 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Social Media good or bad 2. It all started with AOL. a. Social media may very well be helping professionals network and new or existing businesses grow but are we willing to allow it to hinder the development of social skills and cause a new dangerous addiction? 3. Professional a) Pros: Job hunting, networking, latest and greatest in your field b) Cons: Companies with policies, distractions from work, not having a â€Å"filter† or restrictions 4. Personal a) Pros: CommunicationRead MoreThe Debate On Traditional Bullying And Cyber Bullying1152 Words   |  5 PagesAs social media gets popular and provides an easier access to the Internet, the more difficult it gets to control people’s outburst. Many people wonder, â€Å"What is the difference between traditional bullying and cyber bullying?† â€Å"What is cyber bullying?† Traditional bullying is when a person is bullying another person face to face. However, with cyber bullying is different. Cyber bullying occurs through out social media and on the Internet. Once in a while I overhear a person questioning about howRead MoreUU114 Assign 1 Essay Writting1536 Words   |  7 Pagessociety Discussion essay – Block pattern Title: Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks for censorship for a society C: Censorship L: benefits, drawbacks and Society D: Evaluate Introduction Context: Social issues Subject: Censorship Limited subject: benefits, drawbacks and society Issue: Censorship can have shortcomings but at the same time it is beneficial under some circumstances Thesis statement: Despite the fact that censorship is seems socially beneficial, this essay will also show some ideas

Foreign worker in malaysia Essay Example For Students

Foreign worker in malaysia Essay The presence of foreign workers is one of the most critical issues confronting the Malayan building market. as the increasing building work which requires important man-power. Most of the workers come from neighboring states such as Indonesia. Bangladesh. the Philippines. Nepal. Myanmar. Vietnam and India. What causes the increasing Numberss foreign workers in the building sites? The causes for the inflow of foreign workers in Malaysia is the locals prefer to work in the office. deficiency of chance for calling promotion and the building work is unattractive to the locals. One of the causes act uponing the inflow of foreign worker is because the locals prefer to work in the office. Locals prefer to take employment in a comfy environment like air conditioned mills and office which offering white neckband occupations. They prefer easier occupations. In add-on. working in building sectors require worker to work long hours. For illustration. working long hours on dark displacement is portion and package of a figure of occupations in building sectors. Reports from the Labour Department exhibit indicate that many of the locals are non able to make this because they have household and other societal duties to carry through. Hence. less local takers for the building sectors. Furthermore. the causes for the deficiency of locals working in the building sector is locals perceived that the working status in the building sector is really hapless. The hapless image of building industry such as absence of occupation security and hapless direction. Another ground is the deficiency of chance for calling promotion in the building concern causes local diminution to fall in this sectors. Nowadays. it is excessively common for local immature coevals to analyze until Penilaian Menengah Rendah ( PMR ) degree and even Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia ( SPM ) . With greater entree to better and higher instruction. more and more Malaysians today are able to acquire a good instruction and have become skilled workers. For illustration. whenever a station alumnus pupil finished survey. they all waiting for their occupations offer and they expect a high category occupation that suits their criterion. So the non so high category occupations are taken over by foreign workers. The higher instruction degrees makes local choose non to work in building sector. Therefore. the local young person in general perceived that building sector are soiled. unsafe and take downing. One other ground for the inflow of foreign workers in Malaysia is that the building work is unattractive to the locals. Working in building sectors is considered as unskilled and humble occupations. Most of the workers in these sector are making unskilled occupation and it is non surprising that many locals find working in these sector as unattractive occupations. Furthermore. the building sector is instead demanding. Other than that. unattractive wages besides makes the locals choose non to work in building sector. Merely few locals would desire to work in the building sector due to low rewards for high hazard occupations because locals expect to be paid high wage and less physical activities. Department of Statistics and Ministry of Human Resources shows that figure of labour force has increased 6. 3 per cent from 10. 24 million in 2003 to 10. 89 million in 2007 while Statisticss from Immigration Department of Malaysia shows that foreign workers in Malaysia continued to increase from 2001 to 2007. Indonesia accounted for the highest figure of registered foreign workers in Malaysia at 50. 9 % followed by Bangladesh was 2nd highest. accounting for 17 % of the entire foreign workers in Malaysia. Nepal at 9. 7 % . Myanmar 7. 8 % . India 6. 3 % and Vietnam 4. 2 % . In decision. the building sectors need to earnestly research avenues to pull local to come in the building industry by bettering the image and working environment and this implies offering competitory rewards and benefits. improved work safety processs and transfusing sense of pride in building sectors. .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 , .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .postImageUrl , .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c 4f94f2a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 , .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:hover , .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:visited , .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:active { border:0!important; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:active , .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; fo nt-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3 .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3-content { display: table-c ell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3f00d3cfb1fb7562c62896c4f94f2a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Agriculture Essay

Analyze The Risk And Return For The Market †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAnalyze The Risk And Return For The Market. Answer: Introduction The tradeoff between risk and return in portfolio investments is that with an increase in risk, returns are expected to rise and vice versa (Investopedia, 2017). Purpose The purpose of the report is to analyze the risk and return for the Market Index and the two traded shares, namely News Media Ltd and HR Resources Ltd, using the data provided in the case problem. Statistics To assess the risk and return of the two shares and market index, the following key statistics were analyzed and interpreted as follows:- Monthly Returns The monthly returns are the gains or losses received from the stock. It is calculated as current monthly price divided by previous monthly price less one. Table 2-1 shows the monthly returns for the index, News Media, HR Resources and a 50:50 portfolio. Table 2-1 Monthly Returns Mean (expected) Return and Standard Deviation The expected return is calculated as the average of the monthly returns. We observe that HR resources had the highest expected returns (2.08%), followed by News Media (0.83%), then the market index (0.66%) The standard deviation is a measure of risk. A high standard deviation implies a greater the portfolios risk. We observe that HR resources had the highest standard deviation (4.47%), followed by News Media (4.14%) then the market index (1.53%). These values are consistent with the risk return trade off i.e. since HR Resources has the highest risk, then we expect the highest return. Market index News Media Ltd HR Resources Ltd Expected Returns 0.6556% 0.8259% 2.0785% Standard Deviation 1.5288% 4.1469% 4.4699% Coefficient of Variation 2.3319 5.0209 2.1505 Table 2-2 Statistics The Coefficient of Variation (CV) The standard deviation cannot be used to compare investments unless they have the same expected return. Thus we can determine the coefficient of variation which factors the mean (This Matter, 2017). We observe that News Media had the highest CV (5.02), followed by HR Resources (2.15) then the market index (2.33). In this case, the investment with the second smallest returns (News Media) has the greatest risk. The Correlation Coefficient between News Media and HR Resources Ltd. The Correlation Coefficient measures the relationship between two shares. The correlation coefficient between News Media and HR Resources is -0.4678 suggesting the shares are negatively correlated and move in different directions. The Standard Deviation of Returns for a Portfolio We observe for a portfolio mix of 50% invested in HR Resources and 50% invested in News Media, the standard deviation is 2.23% (see table 2-5). This is significantly lower than the standard deviations of the individual asset i.e. 4.47% and 4.14%, implying that investing in a portfolio of different investments will reduce the level of risk. Portfolio 50:50 Expected Returns 1.4522% Standard Deviation 2.2269% Coefficient of Variation 1.5334 Table 2-5 Statistics- Portfolio Beta Coefficient Beta is a measure of volatility in relation to the market. It measures the risk that cannot be reduced from diversification. The Beta coefficient for both News Media and HR Resources Ltd is -1.35 and 2.66 respectively. Thus, News Media is less volatile than the market and HR Resources is more volatile than the market. News Media Ltd HR Resources Ltd Beta -1.3460 2.6610 Table 2-6 Betas Summary In conclusion, we observe that the higher the risk, the higher the expected return. In this scenario, HR Resources was more risky than the market and News Media and as expected had the highest returns. An investor can reduce risk through diversification. References Investopedia, 2017. Risk Return Tradeoff. [Online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com This Matter, 2017. Single Asset Risk: Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation. [Online] Available at: https://thismatter.com/money/investments/single-asset-risk.htm

Culling/Protection of Rocky Mountain wolves

Several quarters have challenged exploitation of wildlife. Some of the arguments are philosophical and moralistic in nature. For instance, there are those who hold the philosophy on feeling reverence for life and have believes according to which they associate harm to wildlife or everything that hinders them in their life to evil.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Culling/Protection of Rocky Mountain wolves specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another philosophical thinking against exploitation though holding a pro-hunting view is that wanton destruction of the works of another man is vandalism, but in the works of God, it becomes sportsmanship. Classical responses against strong stand on hunting view man as a predator in the natural communities and that for any creature to stay alive, it has to take life. These diverse views are visible in the politics of wildlife conservation that requires the intervention of to p decision-makers (Barringer Broder, 2011; Robbins, 2009). The animal rights ethics maintain that humans should cause no pain, suffering, or death to creatures that are capable of experiencing pain. This prioritizes the right of individuals as key over the other issues, such as the conservation of ecosystems, communities, and animal population. For instance, in the land ethics of Leopold, a renowned conservationist, it is permitted to hunt though it is not the case in the animal rights ethics. Moreover, it is expected when wildlife compete for resources with humans, the latter has an edge (Kaufman, 2011). Continued rivalry between humans and wildlife culminates in conflicts which is a threat to healthy interaction between the two (Barringer, 2012). In an ideal natural habitat setting, nature has a way of self-regulating and self-sustaining, thus balancing species density and richness. Overexploitation of wildlife may speed up extinction or irreversible loss of valuable species. End ing the protection of wolves from hunting by the Congress may open up the threat of uncontrolled exploitation (Boxall, 2012). Irreversible loss of species does not only pose the challenge of declining biodiversity but also causes a decrease in the niche for the particular individuals wiped out through direct human means. By having in place the Endangered Species Act, wildlife that was initially at risk of loss is under strict protection from any exploitation by human beings (Robbins, 2011). From ethical perspectives, protection of wildlife is focused not only reducing exploitation and declines in numbers, but also safeguarding from direct human interference which affects the natural habitat and ecosystems. It demonstrates that wildlife bred under captivity will soon adapt to a domestication (human-dependent) way of life and weaken its ability to care for itself after setting free to live in the wild. In other words, continued human interference in wildlife could result in change of animal behavior.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Successful reintroduction of species that were initially at risk is commendable but there is need to consider the ethical issues of human interference in the natural behavior of animals in the wild. The decline in numbers of the gray wolves poses a risk because human exploitation implies a strong human interaction that may lead to the evolution of the species’ behavior and adaption to interference. Strict conservationists refer to this as a bottle-neck effect which has a deep impact not only on the present generation but on the future since the existing few members of the species pass their DNA imprints to the succeeding generation as the numbers recover. As explained by Editorial of The New York Times (2012), such an effect can affect conservation of gray wolves in the Rocky Mountains. References Barringer, F. ( 2012). Wyoming: Federal Protections End for Gray Wolves. The New York Times. Web. Barringer, F., and Broder, J. (2011). Congress, in a First, Removes an Animal from the Endangered Species List. The New York Times. Web. Boxall, B. (2012). Court upholds Congress’ act that ended wolf protections. Los Angeles Times. Web. Editorial. (2012). Uncertain Future for the Gray Wolf. The New York Times. Web. Kaufman, L. (2011). After Years of Conflict, a New Dynamic in Wolf Country. The New York Times. Web.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Culling/Protection of Rocky Mountain wolves specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Robbins, J. (2011). Hunting Wolves Out West: More, Less? The New York Times. Web. Robbins, J. (2009). Gray Wolf Will Lose Protection in Part of U.S. The New York Times. Web. This case study on Culling/Protection of Rocky Mountain wolves was written and submitted by user Seth Dunlap to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample of an Analysis Essay for a Video Game

Sample of an Analysis Essay for a Video GameA sample of an analysis essay for a video game is a very important part of the production. Not only is it a practical illustration but it can give the game creator an idea of what the final video should look like and how they want to approach it. This article discusses the sample essay and gives you some tips on writing an analysis for a video game.There are a number of benefits to a sample of an analysis essay for a video game. The most obvious benefit is that you get to see how a video is going to look before it ever gets created. The most common question asked by everyone who watches a video before starting work on it is 'What's in this thing?' This is something that could be avoided by taking the time to actually play the video and find out what's there.One of the main benefits of taking the time to play the video before it is ever created is that it lets you know what the final product will look like. If you already know what the video will look like, it can help you determine whether or not the creator's vision matches the game. For example, if they are showing a guy driving through a city at night and there are lots of lights, that's usually the result of lots of buildings lighting up at night.It also helps if the video is shown during a period of time when things are very busy for the time period. For example, if the video shows a big explosion in a major city, it can help determine whether or not that explosion is an accident caused by an explosion. If the city is relatively quiet during that time, that might be the result of the city authorities figuring out how to handle the situation and be able to control the flow of traffic and keep things moving.The first of two essays can often tell you a lot about the video's storyline. By taking the time to see what the essay is going to look like, you can usually figure out if it's a good place to start a video or whether the writer is having difficulty coming up wi th ideas.If it's an essay that takes the player through the game, the first essay is often used to provide the narrative and establish the point of view. The narrator of the video can usually provide some ideas of his own about what the player should be thinking or feeling. In this way, the writer gets a chance to really visualize what the video will look like and how the character acts and reacts to different situations. It can be a useful tool to show how a character might react in real life.Another great benefit of a sample of an analysis essay for a video game is that the writer gets to see how the various elements of the game are going to work together and how they will all work together in the final product. Sometimes it is possible to get feedback on the draft by playing it, but often, once the video is in the final version, there's no way to get changes in the video based on what you play. This means that any changes that are made in the video will be left up to the video.Th e benefits of taking the time to take a sample of an analysis essay for a video game is that it allows you to see what you're getting yourself into. By taking the time to read the sample essay, you get to see if it's going to work for the video and if the writing style matches the way that the video is going to be created. For many writers, this is a valuable experience and can save them a lot of time and money in the long run.

Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure

The Power of Censure In the essay, â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Garry Wills, the Henry r. Luce Professor of American Culture and Public Policy at Northwestern University, defines censure, as oppose to censorship. Wills also strives to persuade the reader that censure, the open expression of moral disapproval, can strongly and effectively hold certain ideas up for critical analysis without suppressing them or hindering the rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, as toleration or censorship does. Wills supports this claim with the use of factual evidence, authorative testimony, and rhetorical questions. Wills uses factual evidence to back his declarations. In the first paragraph of his essay, Wills strives to introduce examples of censorship against censure to the reader. He does this with accounts of several different instances in which censure has been used. He speaks of feminists joining â€Å"reactionaries to denounce pornography.† He narrates of how the rock musician Frank Zappa accused Tipper Gore, the wife of Al Gore, of launching an â€Å"conspiracy to exhort† when she asked that sexually explicit materials be labeled with warnings and of how Penthouse magazine charges Terry Rakolta, a house wife who withdrew her support from the sitcom, â€Å"Married†¦With Children,† with â€Å" yelling fire in a crowded theater.† Further along in â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Wills makes an assertion concerning the First Amendment, â€Å"Belief in the First Amendment does not pre-empt other beliefs, making one eunuch to the interplay of opinions. It is a distortion to turn ‘You can express any views’ into the proposition ‘I don’t care what views you express.’ If liberals keep equating equality with approval, they will be repeatedly forced into weak positions.† To verify his contention, Wills goes to the situation in which an art gallery had cancelled an exhibit of the photographer, Robert Maplethorpe, because th... Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure The Power of Censure In the essay, â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Garry Wills, the Henry r. Luce Professor of American Culture and Public Policy at Northwestern University, defines censure, as oppose to censorship. Wills also strives to persuade the reader that censure, the open expression of moral disapproval, can strongly and effectively hold certain ideas up for critical analysis without suppressing them or hindering the rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, as toleration or censorship does. Wills supports this claim with the use of factual evidence, authorative testimony, and rhetorical questions. Wills uses factual evidence to back his declarations. In the first paragraph of his essay, Wills strives to introduce examples of censorship against censure to the reader. He does this with accounts of several different instances in which censure has been used. He speaks of feminists joining â€Å"reactionaries to denounce pornography.† He narrates of how the rock musician Frank Zappa accused Tipper Gore, the wife of Al Gore, of launching an â€Å"conspiracy to exhort† when she asked that sexually explicit materials be labeled with warnings and of how Penthouse magazine charges Terry Rakolta, a house wife who withdrew her support from the sitcom, â€Å"Married†¦With Children,† with â€Å" yelling fire in a crowded theater.† Further along in â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Wills makes an assertion concerning the First Amendment, â€Å"Belief in the First Amendment does not pre-empt other beliefs, making one eunuch to the interplay of opinions. It is a distortion to turn ‘You can express any views’ into the proposition ‘I don’t care what views you express.’ If liberals keep equating equality with approval, they will be repeatedly forced into weak positions.† To verify his contention, Wills goes to the situation in which an art gallery had cancelled an exhibit of the photographer, Robert Maplethorpe, because th...

ANIMAL WELFARE BOARD OF INDIA V A.NAGARAJA ORS

ANIMAL WELFARE BOARD OF INDIA V A.NAGARAJA & ORS â€Å"Whenever there is a conflict between the customs and the law, there are two outcomes of the conflict. One is where the law changes the custom and society and the other is when the customs and society change the law†. The purpose of making a case commentary on this particular case is due to the after-effects of the postponement of the judgment on the public of south India and to study the relevance and compatibility of the judgment. The paper also aims in providing an alternative Even though I stand by and support several viewpoints of the courts, I still consider it would be better for the court to have gone through a harmonious approach. The judgment was solely based on the exhibits submitted by the councils and the previous. I have briefly explained the obnoxious reactions from the public towards the judgment and the order of the government in this paper. According to my observations, the viewpoint of the government hasn’t been noted enough rather the validation of the Acts and Orders were widely concentrated. The court was being too much stringent on the previous judgment in such a way that it fails to consider the sentimental feelings of the society and the benefits to them thereof. Hence there were certain curable flows on part of the court though the judgment cannot be said has completely irrelevant. India is a country with vast divergence, culture, customs and practices which has a direct influence on the eco-system. Though these customs are sources of law many of the customs cannot be in conformity with the statute. The legislature and judiciary take steps in eradicating such practices from the society. The judgment has proved to be a milestone in the perseverance of culture and the safety of the animals. The issues in consideration of the case include one, challenging the Madras High Court judgment on validating the Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Act (hereafter TNRJ Act) and the other, challenging the Bombay High Court Judgement validating the 2011 notification whereby bulls were added in the prohibitory list of performing animals. Jallikattu and Rekla race is represented as a sport for bravery which uses trained bulls and participants. These bulls are subjected to immense cruelty before sending them through the entrance which leads to their violent behavior on the playground. The deaths and injuries during the game show its unhealthy nature. Thus Madras High Court in 2006 banned the practice of Jallikattu and rekla racing, which was upheld by the Supreme Court bench headed by Justice K.S. Radakrishnan in this case. An interim orders were passed by the court since till 2014 permitting both the sports, until the judgement which strictly banned the sports and held that the rights guaranteed under Sections 3 and 11 of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (hereafter PCA Act) and Articles 51A (g) (h) cannot be curtailed, except for procedures laid down under Sections 22 of PCA Act, and instructed the government to protect and safeguard the freedoms of animals. After the TNRJ Act came into force, the Act was challenged under Art 32 of the constitution. Where the Supreme Court set aside the judgment of the Madras High Court which validated the Amended TNRJ Act, 2009 and held the Act as unconstitutional and violative to PCA Act and upheld the judgment of Bombay High Court which validated the Ministry of Environment and Forest (hereafter MoEF) notification of 2011 including bulls in the list of animals prohibited from being trained. PARTIES: In the initial petition i.e., in the writ of Mandamus filed under Art.226 of Indian Constitution, against Deputy Superintendent of Police of 2006, the parties were 1. Petitioner: K. Muniasamy Thevar, then vice-president of Karisalkulam panchayat for whom L. Shaji Chellan appeared before the court 2. Respondent: Deputy Superintend of Police for whom Government Advocate J. Viswanathan appeared The judgment was held by Madras High court bench headed by Justice R. Banumathi and Pinki Chandra Ghose. Later on, in 2014 in the SLP of Animal welfare board vs. A Nagaraja other (2014) 7 SCC 547 the parties were 1. Petitioner or Appellants: Animal Welfare Board of India (hereafter AWBI) and People for Ethical Treatment for Animals (hereafter PETA). Sunil Kr. Jain, Aneesh Mittal, Sachin Sharma, A.K. Soni, G. Sivabalamurugan, Anis Mohd, L.K. Pandey. Dr. Adish Agarwala appeared. 2. Respondents: A. Nagaraja and other 11 petitions from 2011 to 2014 clubbed together for whom Additional General, A. Mariarputham, Raj Panjwani were the council. In the appealed case, the son of the respondent who was a participant in the game was killed during the game due to sustaining many injuries on his body. Procedural facts: The 2006 and 2014 petition was initially filed in Madras High Court as a writ of Mandamus[2] under Art 226 and in 2007 the division bench consisting of Justices Elipe Dharma Rao and P.P.S. Janarthana Raja reversed the previous judgment against which several SLPs were filed in Supreme Court under Art.136[3], Art 133[4], Art 142[5] and Art. 32[6] and the bench headed by Justice K.S. Radhakrishnan granted the leave. Historical facts: Jallikattu of Tamil Nadu and Bullock cart racing of Maharashtra were being practiced for over 2500 and 450 years respectively. The term Jallikattu refers to silver or gold coins tied on the bulls’ horns. In Tamil Nadu, it is a sport played on the third day of Pongal. On this day a running bull is released into a crowd, where participants either, grab and ride on the bull to stop it, or take the flag attached in the bull’s horn[7]. The bulls which perform well in this game are used for breeding and they fetch a high price in the market. Similarly, rekla race of Maharashtra is organized after Makara Sankaranthi, on Chaitra astami. On this day various cart owners organize bullock cart race where bullock carts run miles and the winning team is rewarded. The roller coaster of the bull games controversy started in the year 2004 with the petition filed by the South Indian Humanitarian League and Blue Cross of India to the Petitions’ Committee of the TN state legislature to ban Jallikattu and other sports using bulls. Though the judgment of the said petitions held by Justice FM Ibrahim Kalifulla permitted the â€Å"sport† with a rider, that the bulls used in the game should be unharmed. In 2006 judgement held by Madras High Court by Justice R. Banumathi and Pinki Chandra Ghose, by expanding the scope on a writ of mandamus[8] filed against a police officer for willful omission in granting permission for the condonations filed by villagers seeking permission for conducting the game by Ramanathapuram Police the court along with dismissing the writ with reference to the 1996 judgement of Panaji Bench, Bombay High Court, banned conducting all games involving harsh training of animals like rekla race, oxen race and jallikattu. This strengthened the then PCA Act, 1960. Whereas in 2007 the division bench[9] consisting of Justices Elipe Dharma Rao and P.P.S. Janarthana Raja took a harmonious construction and enabled regulatory measures to ensure the safety of the animals instead of previous complete restriction, this order was later on overruled by three judges’ bench of Supreme Court. The apex court in 2008 granted permission for conducting rekla race by limiting the race field distance to 15m radius. The Tamil Nadu government then passed TNRJ Act to do away with this judgment, against which AWBI and PETA filed writ petition challenged in the Division Bench Judgment on the basis of PCA Act, MoEF Notification 2011. Another set of SLPs were filed again the Bombay High Court upholding the MoEF Notification 2011 and the corrigendum issued by the Government prohibiting exhibition and training of animal, of which A. Nagaraja father of a participant who died in the course of game and others, and AWBI and other animal welfare organisation working for the protection of the animals were parties, the court held the final judgement to ban both the games stating that these games as violation to S. 5 to S.11 of the PCA Act and fundamental duties, under Art 51A (g) and (h)[10] of the Constitution. Relief: The relief claimed by the parties were to clarify whether 1. the TNRJ Act was in repugnancy and in violation of PCA Act 1960, 2. Jallikatt and rekla race promotes cruelty in the name of culture 3. The Bombay High Court judgment was justified in upholding the 2011 notification of the central government. Arguments: From the judgment, the appellants argued on the basis of physical and mental cruelty faced by the bulls, repugnancy of the Act to PCA Act and many reports, affidavits and photographs from certified authorities, which talks about the animal behavior prior and after the game highlighting the cruelty over bulls during the games. It was also argued that TNRJ Act doesn’t have the effect of a law since the President has not asserted it. Furthermore forcing an animal to take part in such game was against Art.51A (g) and Art. 21[11] in addition to being in violation of S.3 and 11 of PCA Act. Organizers of Jallikattu and rekla race took a standby stating that the game was conducted during the days of the festival which is being practised for years and proper care has been taken by the committee members and the bull owners ensuring its safety and no cruelty as mentioned under S.11(1)(a) is meted out. It was further argued that the presence of collectors, doctors and police officials etc on duty ensures such cruelty doesn’t take place and also requested to regulate the event rather than stopping it. These apprehensions were meet by TNRJ Act. In addition to this, it was argued by the state that non-applicability of tickets for the event excludes them from being a part of S.22 of PCA Act. The matter of previous notifications of MoEF was also discussed with reference to N.R. Nair Others Vs U.O.I[12], where the court formed a committee to discuss the corrigendum of exclusion of dogs from the initial list whereas the same was not done at the present situation. The outcome of the case: The Special Leave petition was granted and the case was disposed of, setting aside the Madras High Court order of upholding the TNRJ Act, holding the Act unconstitutional and void, upheld the Bombay High Court judgment validating 2011 notification whereby bull was included in the list of animals prohibited from being exhibited and trained. Application: The judgement, in this case, strengthened the PCA Act, 1960 and elevated the rights of the animals to that of Art 21 and imposed Art 51 of the constitution as a strict obligation upon the citizens. It also held that spectators would also be hurt, since the requirement of 8 feet high barricades were not emulated and guaranteed rights under S.3 and 11 of PCA Act r/w Art.51A (g) (h) cannot be curtailed, unless as per S. 11(3) and 28 of PCA Act. Also recommended the state and other authorities to take reasonable steps to ensure the protection of the freedoms. The TNRJ Act 2009 was held violative to Art. 254(1). Analysis The judgment starts with a brief summary of the case followed by arguments and the holding. The decision of Supreme Court thought was appropriate there were alternative methods available which could have been much more harmonious in nature. The judgment might have strengthened the animal protection workers and raised the status of the animal right to the level of fundamental rights in the constitution. But it has also lead to public unrest in the state for three days which ended in the passing of an ordinance. The logical reasoning in the judgment was irrational and it was pleaded by the prosecutor that â€Å"if the court can grant permission for slaughtering animals for religious then why not grant permission to conduct a game which doesn’t possess any threat to their life†. Regarding the repugnancy nature of the tnrj act with respect to PCA act, 1960: It has to be noted that Entry 17[13] of List 3 guarantees the right to frame laws on the said subject to both State and Union government. The PCA Act was enacted in 1960 for this purpose. In 2009 the TN State government passed TNRJ Act which was argued to be repugnant to the 1960 Act. This entry indirectly implies that such laws cannot be made which could be hazardous with respect to the purpose of the entry. The evidence submitted by the AWBI and PETA where cruelty on animals are shown cannot be left blind. The animal which is being taken care of so well and trained require an external pressure to force them to behave in such a manner as in the games, which is certainly in direct conflict with the Act. The repugnancy arises only when there is any conflict between both acts and when there is an overlap between the provisions of the Acts. But here the 2009 Act cannot be repugnant to 1960 because the 2009 Act can be viewed as an extension to that of 1960 Act. Although the recent act p ermits the exhibition and training of the animal, prohibited in the 1960 Act. But the Act provides strict regulation over the rules and health of the bulls. With regards to promotion of cruelty: The game is a cruelty not only towards the animals but also towards participants and spectators. The increase in the number of deaths and injured while conducting the game cannot be ignored. The responsibility of State is much wider. Public health being a matter under State list have equal importance as ensuring public interest. Thus the Act which has a direct impact on the health and safety of the public cannot be encouraged. Art 19 (1) (g) has given the right to practice, profess and carry any occupation trade or business and also forbids to force any citizen to practice profession hence the State cannot force the citizen to engage in non-profit trade in the name of Agriculture. Though banning the sports could end the physical and mental torments faced by the bulls it could also affect in the slaughtering of them and leads to their extinction. This is against the Biodiversity Act 2002. The Court laid down the aspects of Article 51-A (g) and (h), Fundamental Duties on the part of the citizens and extended the scope of Art. 21 to the animals. It is indeed a ‘dangerous sport’. Considering the number of people being injured and died and the cruelty and harassment faced. As said by Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated†. Treating an animal with cruelty for its existence doesn’t make an ideal methodology. But instead of banishing regulating is better.